西南民族村寨旅游扶贫效应及其对聚落空间演变的影响机理研究

Pro-poor Tourism and minority village settlement space evolution are research focus of sustainable development in Poverty-stricken Areas, as well as important scientific issues need to be solved in the field of human-environment interactions evolution in rural regions. Taking pro-poor tourism effects evaluation as the research starting point, this project selects ethnic villages in southwestern Concentrated Contiguous Poverty Areas as research object. Through comprehensive application of tourism geography, cultural geography, evolutionary economics and related theories, the project establishes a systematic analysis framework which integrates element, process, mechanism and model. Objective and subjective weighting method is used to construct an index system for pro-poor tourism performance evaluation. Besides, SEM and Cause Tree are also adopted to discuss factors and paths that influence the pro-poor tourism effects on the basis of field investigation, and pro-poor tourism effects evaluation model as well. Then, methods such as GIS, System Dynamics, Multivariate Statistics, Data Mining, etc. are used to interpret the influencing paths and mechanisms of pro-poor tourism on settlement production, living space and eco-space evolution, exploring the Spatial Evolution process, characteristics, growth patterns, and the essential rules between pro-poor tourism effects and settlement Spatial Evolution in ethnic villages. Thus further the understanding the essential rule between pro-poor tourism effects and ethnic minority village settlement Spatial Evolution. This research will contribute the theoretical development and methodology of tourism geography and rural geography, and provide theoretical guidance and typical illustration for implementing national poverty eliminating project, as well as promote accurate poverty alleviation and ethnic settlement culture inheritance and spatial optimization.

旅游扶贫与民族村寨聚落空间演化是贫困地区可持续发展关注的焦点，也是乡村地域人地关系演变需要解决的重要科学问题。本项目以西南地区集中连片特困区的民族村寨为研究对象，以旅游扶贫效应评价为切入点，综合运用旅游地理学、文化地理学、演化经济学等相关理论，确立要素、过程、机理与模型“四位一体”的系统分析框架。采用主客观赋权方法构建旅游扶贫效应测评指标体系，在实地调研基础上引入结构方程与因果关系模型系统探讨影响旅游扶贫效应的因子与路径，构建旅游扶贫效应评价模型。运用GIS、系统动力学、多元统计与数据挖掘等方法，解析旅游扶贫对民族村寨聚落“三生”空间演变的影响与机理，揭示其空间演变过程、特征和成长模式，进而探究旅游扶贫效应与民族村寨聚落空间演变之间的本质内在规律。以期丰富旅游与乡村地理学的理论内涵和方法体系，为实施国家脱贫攻坚工程，推动西南民族地区精准扶贫和聚落文化传承与空间优化提供理论指导与典型例证。

旅游扶贫与民族村寨聚落空间演化是贫困地区可持续发展关注的焦点，也是乡村地域人地关系演变需要解决的重要科学问题。本项目以西南地区集中连片特困区的县域、民族村寨为研究对象，以旅游扶贫效应与效率评价为切入点，综合运用旅游地理学、文化地理学、演化经济学等相关理论，确立系统分析框架。在对国内外旅游扶贫效应相关文献归纳总结分析基础上，就具体旅游扶贫政策与影响、旅游扶贫效率从宏观与中观视角进行剖析，对微观个体旅游地农户可持续生计与发展进行探究。基于前期分析，对民族旅游村寨“三生”空间演变进行层层深入的研究，解析旅游扶贫对民族村寨 “三生”空间演变的影响与机理，揭示其空间演变过程、特征和影响要素，进而探查旅游扶贫效应与民族村寨聚落空间演变之间的内在机制、可持续生计下民族旅游村寨农户返贫阻断机制构建。研究不但丰富了旅游与乡村地理学的理论内涵和方法体系，也为实施国家脱贫攻坚工程，推动西南民族地区精准扶贫和聚落文化传承与空间优化提供理论指导与典型例证。