A significant problem in the conventional cyanation reactions is the high affinity of the cyanide ion for the transition metal, which often results in rapid deactivation of catalyst. Therefore, the slow dosage of cyanide source is the main problem in the study of cyanation reactions. In order to solve this problem, the corresponding strategy is to develop new cyanating reagents and to explore new paths of cyanation reactions.. A series of RR'NOCHR''CN compounds, which are easily prepared and changed in their structures, will be developed as a new type of cyanating sources. By varying R, R’ and R’’ groups, we envision that RR'NOCHR''CN compounds are able to release cyanide ions slowly in acid or with metal. Notably, RR'NOCHR''CN compounds contain N-O bond in their structures, which can be as an oxidant when oxidative addition of metal to N-O bond happens. Therefore, we will develop a series of RR'NOCHR''CN as new cyanating sources to investigate new cyanation reactions, such as metal-catalyzed C-H cyanation, and enyne cyano-amination and cyano-borylation. This study will establish a new type of cyanating sources and develop novel cyanation reactions, which will provide experimental and theoretical basis for the design and development of new cyanation reactions.
传统氰化反应中存在的主要问题是过量氰根负离子与金属的强配位易导致催化剂的快速失活。因此,如何有效地控制氰根负离子的浓度,缓慢释放氰根负离子是氰化反应研究中一直面临的最大问题。为了解决这个问题,我们对应的策略是开发新的氰源和探索新氰化反应路径。.开发易制备、可调控的一系列RR'NOCHR''CN化合物作为新型氰源试剂。通过调控不同的R,R’和R’’基团期望实现RR'NOCHR''CN在酸性或金属作用下氰根负离子的可控性缓慢释放。RR'NOCHR''CN试剂的另一个特点是它的结构中含有N-O键,可作为反应体系的内氧化剂。因此,使用RR'NOCHR''CN作为新型氰源试剂,研究高效的金属催化的新型氰化反应,如:金属催化的C-H键氰化和烯炔的氰胺化和氰硼化反应。此项研究将建立起有特色的新氰源的设计和开发,为设计和发展新的氰化反应提供实验和理论基础。
氰基是一类重要的官能团,能发生多种化学转化;含氰基化合物在合成化学、医药、农药以及功能材料领域等都具有广泛的应用。如何在有机分子中选择性地引入氰基是当前有机化学领域的研究热点之一。传统的过渡金属催化的卤代芳烃氰基化反应,使用的氰源主要是金属氰基试剂和其它氰基试剂。虽然这类反应很多条件相对温和,产率也相对较高,但存在着缺点:(1)过量的氰根负离子往往导致金属催化剂的快速失活从而影响反应的效果;(2)金属氰基化试剂的毒性较大。.对于氰源的不断探索和丰富一直是推动氰化反应发展的不竭动力。乙腈是一种普通的溶剂,在反应体系中相对是惰性的。最近几年,乙腈作为氰源的研究,有了一定的进展。我们课题组在铜催化的乙腈活化领域做了一些探索的研究。乙腈的C−CN键键能较高,断裂较难,可以解决氰根负离子缓释问题。在此项目的支持下,我们开发了Cu/Si/TEMPO体系,使用绿色安全的乙腈作为一个缓释氰源,采用了一锅连续的碘化/氰化的策略,实现了铜催化的分子内的炔烃酰氧氰化反应,为一系列的氰基异香豆素衍生物的合成提供了方法;实现了铜催化可离去导向基团邻位sp2 C‒H键的氰化;实现了铜/镍催化的乙腈与烯烃的交叉脱氢偶联反应;在研究烯烃的硼氰化反应时,我们实现了铜催化的烯烃脱氢硼酯化反应。这些工作相继报道于在Chin. J. Chem., J. Am. Chem. Soc., Org. Lett. , Adv. Synth. Catal., J. Org. Chem.等国内外期刊上,受到了国内外专家的关注和好评。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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