基于多模式客运系统的同城快递营运网络优化构建方法

The advantage of using urban passenger transport systems to provide urban express service is that the demands of passengers and goods could be satisfied with fewer vehicles. As a result, the urban transportation resource could be efficiently utilized, leading to energy saving, emission reduction and congestion alleviation. In the system of “passengers and goods sharing”, one of the most urgent problems that needs to be solved is to optimize the urban express operation networks to secure the efficiency of the urban express system and improve the economic and social benefits of the urban express system. Based on the multi-modal transport networks consisting of taxi and subway, this study proposes to provide efficient urban express service through the collaboration of the two transport modes. Based on the analysis of the temporal-spatial operation characteristics of the transport networks, this study develops models and algorithms to construct urban express operation networks that secure the basic level of service and maximize the economic and social benefits, respectively. According to the characteristics of the passenger transport systems and urban express service, the models consider the stochasticity, dynamic and multi-mode of the transport networks and the stochasticity, dynamic and multi time limits of the urban express demand. Then, methodologies are developed to analyze the performance and characteristics of the express operation networks. Finally, case study is carried out to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed methodologies. Research findings will provide new ideas to construct urban express system in the environment of “sharing economy” and extend the models and algorithms for the optimization of multi-modal networks in the stochastic and dynamic environment.

利用城市客运系统开展同城快递业务，可使用更少的车辆，满足客货运的需求，达到有效利用城市交通资源，节能减排，缓解交通拥挤的目的。在“客货共运”体系中，如何优化同城快递营运网络，保障快递系统的高效性，提升快递系统的经济和社会效益，是一个迫切需要解决的问题。项目提出以地铁和出租车构成的多模式载运网络为基础，通过两种运输模式的相互协作，提供高效的同城快递服务。在对载运网络时空运营特征解析的基础上，根据客运系统以及同城快递的特性，考虑载运网络的随机性、动态性和多模式协同，以及快递需求的随机性、动态性和多时效性，分别建立保障基本服务水平和最大化经济和社会效益的同城快递营运网络优化模型及算法，并研发营运网络性能和特征分析方法，开展实例研究和模型测试工作。研究为建设“共享经济”环境下的同城快递系统提供新的思路，并推动随机、动态环境下多模式网络优化模型和算法的发展。

项目面向同城快递运输需求，提出利用地铁和出租车构成的多模式客运系统提供同城快递服务，研究基于地铁站点的快递枢纽选址模型及算法，利用快递价格调节出租车运力，在快递枢纽选址模型中同步优化快递运输奖励，拓展了传统枢纽选址理论和方法。研究成果包括：1）基于上海市地铁-出租车营运数据，定量分析载运网络的运力，总结载运网络时空特征。2）解析不同营运机制下客货运输管理层、承运层和服务对象之间的利益诉求，比选确定城市客货共运运营机制。3）分别建立以服务水平最大化和营运效益最大化为目标的网络优化模型，协同决策枢纽选址、运量分配和奖励策略；设计精确算法、近似算法和启发式算法进行求解，求解效率优于现有技术。4）设计网络性能特征指标，基于标准数据集和上海市真实数据测试，验证客货共运服务模式的优势以及在城市物流领域的应用潜力。项目研究成果可应用于城市客货共运网络规划，有利于降低城市快递物流成本，提高交通资源利用效率，缓解道路拥堵和交通排放等问题。