宏观尺度碳纳米线结构设计与全碳柔性透明电极制备

This key project aims to develop new, economical and effective strategies for macroscopic-scale one-dimensional carbon fibers with an average diameter of sub 5 nm from wood, shrimp and shells. This study will engineer the surface of the ultrathin carbon fiber building blocks to improve their dispersibility in solution and enhanced their weak interactions from each other. The controllable surface functionalization is strongly dependent on the electric charge, hydrophobic property and the choice of surfactants. Well-designed macroscopic-scale assembled ultrathin carbon fiber structures with complex and hierarchical architectures will be constructed by introducing external fields, such as magnetic field, electric field and gravitational field. Structure-function relationship of the system will be summarized in the project. Moreover, co-assembly techniques will be introduced to receive hierarchical structures with optimized transmittance, conductivity and stability in air. These macroscopic-scale all carbon flexible transparent electrodes with interesting property may find applications in flexible electronics.

本项目拟发展经济、高效、可宏量制备的超细碳一维纳米线（直径小于5纳米）制备新方法和新技术，探索石墨化工艺，获突出的导电性能。通过超细碳线组装基元的表面功能化设计，如：调控其表面电荷种类及电荷密度、表面亲疏水性、表面包覆剂等，通过引入外加电场、磁场、力场等组装诱导因素，并以所获材料的导电性、光学透过性、和稳定性为研究侧重点获得具有复杂、多级结构的碳一维纳米线组装体。同时，探索多组分组装基元之间的共组装，获得结构精确可控的全碳柔性透明导电电极。以功能为导向，探索复杂组装结构与目标性能的相互关系，通过构筑新结构获得新功能，研制基于复杂多级结构的全碳柔性透明导电电极，推动其在新型柔性电子器件领域的应用。

在过去的几十年里，纳米合成取得了较大的发展。随着研究的深入，如何把杂乱的纳米材料组装成结构材料是我们的一个研究重点。本项目发展了新的纳米线界面组装方法，获得了具有复杂结构的有序纳米线组装体，并基于此制备了柔性透明导电电极，研究了一维纳米材料的结构设计与原位、适时反应速率的相互关系，例如：发展了气液界面组装方法，气固界面组装方法，离子诱导法，磁场诱导组装法等等。同时我们提出了纳米线组装过程的原位表征，包括同步辐射原位表征、原位ChemTEM表征等。我们基于碳基柔性透明导电电极制备了多种柔性电极器件。在项目的资助下，申请人围绕一维纳米材料的可控制备、组装技术及组装体性能展开研究，取得了一系列创新成果，已在著名期刊发表论文19篇(通讯作者)，包括 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 3 篇， Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1 篇, Adv. Mater. 2 篇，Nano Lett. 3篇， Small 1 篇等。项目执行期间项目负责人获得国家优秀青年基金资助。