多级结构石墨烯基复合吸波材料的构筑及性能增强机制

It is widely accepted that electromagnetic waves absorption is an effective way to regulate electromagentic pollution, alleviate electromagentic interference, and reinforce stealth technology. To satisfy the high demands for the oncoming generation of microwave absorbers in powerful absorption, wide frequency bandwidth, and lightweight, this project puts forward an idea on constructing novel grahene-based composites with complex interior structure that can facilitate multiple reflections or scaterrings of incident electromagnetic waves, so that more electromagnetic loss patterns can be introduced and enhanced microwave absorption performance can be achieved. The effects of structure, composition, and compounding style will be systematically investigated, and then the optimum composites with improved electromagnetic properties can be achieved by manipulating the assemblies of secondary component and graphene matrix. The resulted lightweight graphene-based composites will have matched permittivity and permeability, excellent frequency response, and highly effective microwave absorption in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz. With the assistance of computational chemistry and transmission model of electromagnetic waves, the microwave absorbing mechanisms and the inherent structure-function relationships of these graphene-based composites will be proposed according to the comprehensive analysis on their electromagnetic parameters. At the same time of basic research, we will do our best to develop some high-performance graphene-based microwave absorbers that can be scaled up and have wide application prospects in the fields of radar stealth and electromagnetic protection.

电磁波吸收是缓解电磁污染、控制电磁干扰、强化军事隐身技术的有效途径之一。针对吸波材料高效、宽频、轻质化的发展趋势，本项目提出基于石墨烯基复合材料开展微结构设计的研究思想，通过功能导向结构设计，丰富入射电磁波的损耗机制，从而实现吸波性能的显著增强。系统研究结构组成、复合方式等因素对石墨烯基复合材料电磁性能和吸波性能的影响，从微观尺度调控次级组分和石墨烯基体的组装过程，实现主客体材料微结构的合理构筑，优化复合材料的电磁性能，旨在获得2-18GHz宽频范围内具有强吸收、宽响应的新型轻质复合吸波材料。通过对复合材料电磁性能的全面分析，并结合计算化学手段及电磁波的传输理论和模型，探究“构效关系”的内在规律。在基础性研究的同时，力争通过优化设计探寻出可量化的、有强应用目标及前景的轻质石墨烯基复合吸波材料，达到实现雷达吸收或民用电磁防护的目的。

电磁波吸收是缓解电磁污染、控制电磁干扰、强化军事隐身技术的有效途径之一。针对吸波材料高效、宽频、轻质化的发展趋势，本项目提出基于石墨烯基复合材料和碳材料开展微结构设计的研究思想，通过功能导向结构设计引入次级组份，丰富入射电磁波的损耗机制，系统研究结构组成、复合方式等因素对石墨烯基复合材料和碳材料电磁性能和吸波性能的影响，从微观尺度调控次级组分和基体的组装过程，实现主客体材料微结构的合理构筑，优化复合材料的电磁性能。项目设计合成的PPy/rGO复合材料、三维泡沫状石墨烯类似物、中空多孔碳微米立方体、多腔体型碳微球、多孔碳纳米粒子/碳纳米管复合材料均表现出优异的电磁波吸收性能。其中PPy/rGO复合材料依托于良好的阻抗匹配和损耗特性，有效调节了不同频段的吸波性能；三维泡沫状石墨烯类似物复合了磁损耗和介电损耗，特殊的微观结构所构建起导电网络和多重反射有利于提升电磁波吸收性能；中空多孔碳微米立方体和多腔体型碳微球结合了空心微结构和分级结构的优势，通过强化电磁波的多重反射效应，有效促进了电磁波的吸收，提升了吸波性能；通过在碳纳米管上引入多孔碳纳米粒子，能有效调控介电常数，丰富损耗机制，得到可调谐的吸波性能。本项目中石墨烯基复合材料和多种微结构碳材料的成功设计合成，深入探究了结构组成、复合方式对电磁波吸收性能的影响机制和调节作用，验证了多重反射吸收的特殊作用，为高效石墨烯基和碳基吸波材料的研制提供一定的科学依据，以期有效控制电磁污染，同时有助于提升我国在军事隐身领域的国际竞争实力。在本项目的资助下，在国际知名期刊共计发表了26篇论文，培养了4名博士研究生和6名硕士研究生。