3D石墨烯基复合吸波材料的构筑、性能调控及机理研究

3D graphene-based composites have become one of the current research focuses in wave absorptions area because of their low density values. However, in the practical preparation processes, it has some problems such as 3D structure easier to collapse, the out of balance of impedance match which hinder the substantial improvement of wave absorption properties. In this project, we propose to build stable, light-weighted 3D P/rGO framework using 3D polymer as the matrix. Then, we in-situ prepare high-strengthed M or MOx (M=Fe, Co, Ni, etc) nanoparticles in the P/rGO framework by electrodepositing and hydrothermal methods, respectively. We through the method of optimizing the preparation parameters to keep stable 3D structure, suitably improve the system’s permeability, decrease the system’s permittivity, reach the balance of impedance match and then realize the high performance of wave absorption properties. We investigate the microscopic structures and properties of the obtained 3D structure, ternary P/rGO/M and P/rGO/MOx composites. Our purpose is to build up the relationship among synthetic condition-structure-property for the obtained excellent wave absorption composites, to explore the mechanism of high performance wave absorption properties and to provide a feasible route to design and prepare light-weighted, high-strength, high performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials.

3D结构石墨烯基复合物由于质量轻的优势已成为当前微波吸收材料的研究热点之一。然而，在实际制备过程中，还存在3D结构易坍塌、体系的阻抗不匹配等问题，进而阻碍了微波吸收性能的大幅提高。在本项目中，我们提出首先以3D结构高分子材料（P）为基底构筑轻质、稳定的P/rGO（还原氧化石墨烯）3D骨架。然后通过电沉积和水热的方法分别在此骨架上原位生长高强度的M和MOx（M=Fe, Co, Ni等）纳米粒子。优化制备参数，保持稳定的3D结构，合适的提高体系的磁导率、降低介电常数，达到阻抗匹配，从而实现电磁波的高效吸收。考察所制备的三维、三元P/rGO/M和P/rGO/MOx复合物的微观结构和性能，建立制备参数-结构-性能之间的关联关系，探讨高效微波吸收性能的机理。为设计、合成轻质高强、高效微波吸收性能的复合材料提供一条切实可行的路线。

3D结构的石墨烯基复合材料由于密度小、质量轻，在轻质高强微波吸收材料领域有着重要的应用前景。本项目以开发轻质高强纳米结构吸波材料为研究目标，采用水热法、高温热解法等不同的手段制备出了3D结构的纳米复合吸波材料。采用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、XPS等分析手段对所合成的材料的结构和组成进行了系统分析，并对这些材料在微波吸收和电化学能量存储方面的性能进行了深入的研究。结果表明，3D结构的材料不仅质量轻，而且具有较高的比表面积。以此为基础，发展了制备轻质高强、高效微波吸收性能复合材料的新方法，在微波吸收材料领域具有重要的应用前景。项目在执行期间取得了阶段性的研究进展：截止目前，共在Nanocale, Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Applied Surface Science, Journal of Alloys and Compounds等国际核心期刊发表相关SCI收录论文13篇，其中JCR一区论文6篇，申请相关专利3项，授权1项。同时以项目为依托，培养多名研究生，吸引多名本科生进入实验室进行科研训练以及创新实验项目。