基于自由曲面的空间离轴三反天文望远镜主动光学校正量解算理论研究

To solve the problem of low ability of the current active correction for off-axis three reflective astronomy telescopes based on freeform surface, as the purpose of the project, it is of a great significance to propose a method of analytical algorithm with high accuracy based on nodal aberration theory for propelling the technology development of space active optics. The function related aberration between freeform surface and off-axis three reflective optical system is explored, and further the framework for on nodal aberration theory is extended. Making the recovered and compensated aberration induced by the misalignment as the breakthrough point, the algorithm for calculating misalignments and figure error is accomplished. The key point about active correction for off-axis three reflective astronomy telescopes based on freeform, evaluation method of image quality for active correction system based on characteristic fields of view measured by wavefront sensors, and the influence on calculation accuracy from practical errors will be solved. Finally, the test platform for active optical technology of off-axis three reflective optical system will be built and the accuracy of algorithm and the influence from practical errors will be verified. The project will provide technical reserves for a new generation space large-aperture astronomy telescopes, and the pace of space astronomy telescopes applied to the observations for scientific goals will accelerated.

针对当前基于自由曲面面形的离轴三反天文望远镜主动光学校正量解算能力有限的问题，项目依据矢量像差理论，以提出高精度的解析解算方法为目标，对于发展空间主动光学技术具有重要意义。探索自由曲面面形对离轴三反光学系统像差场响应函数，拓展矢量像差理论体系。理论开展以光学系统镜体倾斜及偏心引入的像差场还原及补偿策略为突破口，进而完成对失调误差和面形误差解算的算法。项目解决主动光学校正量解算、基于特征视场点波前传感检测的主动校正系统成像质量评价方法以及工程误差对解算精度影响的关键问题。最后，搭建离轴三反光学系统主动光学技术实验平台，对解算算法精度及工程误差影响等进行实验验证。项目为新一代空间大口径天文望远镜主动光学校正提供技术储备，加速空间天文望远镜应用于科学目标观测的步伐。

针对当前空间大口径天文望远镜在轨主动光学校正实际工程需求，本项目旨在研究出基于自由曲面的离轴三反空间大口径天文望远镜主动光学校正量算法，满足在轨高像质保持的应用。项目依据矢量像差理论，以提出高精度的解析解算方法为目标，对于发展空间主动光学技术具有重要意义。.本项目在前期良好的工作基础上，侧重于离轴三反系统失调量引起的像差场特性机理研究，完成了离轴三反系统矢量像差拓展理论一般性推导，包括侧向失调、轴向失调以及自旋失调等失调量与其引入系统的像差场关系；完成了基于自由曲面的离轴三反系统校正量解算算法编写和基于特征视场点波前传感检测的主动校正系统成像质量评价方法；搭建了离轴三反系统实验平台，验证了离轴系统矢量像差拓展理论的正确性。研究成果能真正地应用于空间大视场高分辨率成像领域如天文观测、对地侦查及测绘等应用领域。