世界自然遗产地旅游产业生成时空分异规律与机制研究-以张家界为例

An important part of study of economic geography which also deserves the public attention is the spatio-temporal differentiation rules and mechanism of tourism industry generation in world heritage sites. The major concern of relative researches both home and abroad is about the influence of tourism on heritage sites and its countermeasures, while few of them offered case study of spatio-temporal differentiation process and mechanism of tourism industry generation. Zhangjiajie is a typical sample of tourism industry generation in world natural heritage site at home. Based on regional development system analysis method and theoretical context along with tourism growth theory,this project analyzes the influence of initial conditions in heritage sites to reveal the generating mechanism and general rules from macro-, meso- and micro-levels of tourism industry. With the construction of tourism growth model of Zhangjiajie, the basic generation characteristics, spatial variability, power factors and evolution mechanism of tourism industry in heritage sites are analyzed to further deconstruct its spatial pattern, spatio-temporal differentiation rules and extension mode. By analyzing the tourism industry generated cycle and its motivation,regulations are designed to guide the layout optimization of tourism industry in Zhangjiajie from guide mechanism and regulatory path. The project is expected to make new interpretation on tourism industry development and tourism growth theory as well as to provide decision-making basis for the layout optimization of space organization of key departments in tourism industry and perfection of regional function governance measures in Zhangjiajie.

世界遗产地旅游产业生成时空分异规律与机制是经济地理学研究的重要内容，应该为人们关注。现有研究多是基于旅游对遗产地的影响及对策的分析，鲜有对典型案例旅游产业生成时空演化过程与机制的分析。张家界是国内世界自然遗产地旅游产业生成的典型样本。本项目依据区域发展系统分析思路及理论脉络，结合旅游成长理论，分析遗产地旅游产业出现初始条件的影响，剖析其旅游产业三个层面（宏观、中观和微观）的生成机制及其一般规律；建构旅游生成模型，以张家界为例，分析遗产地旅游产业生成基本特征、空间差异、动力因子及演化机制；进一步，解析其空间格局、时空分异规律与扩展模式；最后，剖析旅游产业生成周期及其演变动因，从引导机制和调控路径进行制度设计，引导张家界旅游产业的空间布局优化。本项目有望对旅游产业发展和旅游地成长理论作出新的诠释，为张家界完善地域功能管治措施，引导旅游产业关键部门空间组织的布局优化提供科学决策依据。

世界遗产地旅游产业生成时空分异规律与机制是经济地理学研究的重要内容，应该为人们关注。项目以旅游产业生成初始条件为切入点，运用访谈、历史资料、统计数据等手段，形成数据库，根据项目设计，主要在以下方面取得了进展：（1）界定了旅游产业生成概念，分析其特征，发现了旅游产业生长点对旅游产业生成的重要作用；分析了旅游投资机制及时空响应；构建了旅游产业生成宏观机制和中观机制指标体系，并进行了实证分析。（2）构建了客流量变化与核心景区及边缘景区相互关系机制概念模型，系统分析了客流量倒“U”结构成因及形成机制。（3）提出了旅游产业生成空间的概念和内涵，剖析其周期性特征，解析了张家界旅游产业生成空间的演变过程，推演了生成空间时空格局演化的模式与规律，并揭示其动力机制；界定旅游业内部绩效概念及其特征，从产业生成周期视角，评价和探讨了张家界旅游业内部绩效及其影响机制；分析了张家界旅游竞争力时空演化及结构协调性与合理性，厘清了旅游产业自我成长和外源成长动力。这些成果对旅游产业发展和旅游地成长理论做出有益的补充和完善，为世界自然遗产地旅游业可持续发展，促进人地和谐，引导旅游产业关键部门空间组织的布局优化提供科学决策依据；也为同类地区提供了可资借鉴的参考价值。同时，通过学术交流也为旅游产业成长理论发展做出贡献。