中国世界城市中不同族裔外国居民的时空间行为与分异研究——以广州市为例

China’s deep participation in globalization has resulted in the constant growth of foreign residents in cities, who are playing a significant role in shaping “world cities”, as well as growing diversification among foreigners’ social groups. Their diversified demand for urban living space has arouses new issues for urban studies, spatial planning and governance. In this context, the daily life of foreign residents becomes a key element to analysis the dissimilarity of social groups. By understanding their activities, researchers can reveal the interaction of behavior and urban space, as well as the social inclusion. This project is based on the theories and methodologies of space-time behavior and studies the daily life of foreign residents. To test the dissimilarity of foreign residents’ behavior, this project highlights the impact of subjective factors based on the culture and social context of their national origins. Taking Guangzhou as a case study, this project focuses on the behavior patterns of different groups of foreign residents, and the influential mechanisms of their social spaces' dissimilarity. First, based on the activity data collected through daily activity diary of foreigners, the temporal and spatial of behavior will be studied, such as the space-time pattern of working, shopping, leisure and even religious activities. Second, by analyzing the individual space-time pattern, the dissimilarity of daily life will be measured. The context of built and social environment will also be included. Finally, with the mixed method and geo-narrative, subjective factors will be reflected in the theoretical frame. The mechanism of space-time behavior of different groups of foreign residents will thereby be studied. The outcomes will help to understand the pattern and tendency of foreigners’ lifestyle and social inclusion of world cities in China, and provide valuable support for urban planning and policy.

在中国深度参与全球化的过程中，被视为“世界城市”重要流动群体的城市外国居民数量持续增长，群体构成日益多元化，其多样化的生活空间需求为城市空间研究与规划管理带来新的议题。在此背景下，外国居民在城市中的日常行为，成为识别群体间分异，理解其与城市空间互动，透视社会融入情况的重要视角。本项目基于时空间行为研究的理论与方法论，分析外国居民在世界城市中日常生活，特别强调结合由文化背景等带来的主观认知因素差异，讨论不同族裔的外国居民时空间行为分异。以广州市为案例，利用外国居民活动日志调查等一手数据，分析各族裔外国居民的时空间行为特征，刻画不同活动的时空间结构；测度个体时空间行为模式，结合活动空间的地理环境，透视不同族裔外国居民的社会空间分异；运用混合地理学方法以实现主客观相结合，分析不同族裔外国居民时空间行为分异的影响机制，为理解中国世界城市内部外国居民的生活空间需求、促进社会融合提供参考。

随着中国对外开放的进一步深化，中国世界城市中日趋多元化的外国居民群体及其生活空间需求为城市空间研究与规划管理带来新的议题，而当前城市研究的时空间行为转向为相关研究提供了有力的理论与方法论支撑。本项目究基于时空间行为研究理论与方法论，构建了研究不同族裔外国居民的时空间行为的理论框架，并以广州市为例，关注外国居民在城市中的日常行为，识别群体间社会空间的分异及其机制。项目采用问卷调查、活动日志与访谈等多种方法收集一手数据，并与时空大数据、城市空间数据相结合，形成广州市全球城市建设与外国居民日常行为数据库。研究发展了基于行为的社会分异测度指标，并在此基础上分别对不同居住空间社会环境接触情况的居民进行日常活动分析，验证与发展了邻里效应平均化问题，取得了方法论上的重要进展。在理论框架与研究方法支持下，本项目采用大小数据相结合的多源数据，识别了广州市外国居民的动态生活空间，认为受到城市就业地、外事机构等分布的影响，广州市外国居民的空间分布呈现出“一主三副”的空间结构，日常活动地点在一天中呈现出周期性变化，且不同族裔的外籍居民在时空间分布上呈现明显的差异性。本项目进一步结合访谈资料，对不同族裔外国居民的空间认知、情感体验等主观感受进行挖掘，剖析不同族裔外国居民时空间行为与分异影响机制，以理解外籍居民宗教参与、文化适应等社会文化因素影响下社会融入过程。研究揭示了中国世界城市内部外国居民的日常生活，总结外国居民在城市中日常活动特征，探索混合地理学方法的应用实践，从行为视角透视跨国移民的社会融入，丰富世界城市研究理论与方法，为中国世界城市发展提供科学依据。