太阳能富集区大型公共建筑表皮光热性能优化设计方法

The energy consumption of large-scale public buildings is several times that of ordinary public buildings, and the potential for energy conservation is huge. Heating and lighting energy consumption accounted for more than 65% of the total average energy consumption of public buildings in areas of high exposure, and the light and heat performance of the building was most affected by its envelope structure and form. Therefore, in order to take full advantage of the abundant solar energy resources in this area, the project chose the building envelope, which has the greatest impact on the building's light and heat performance, as the research object, and investigate the differences in public energy use indexes, meteorological parameters, behavior patterns, and comfort in the area. On the basis of research on the selection, translation and quantification of optimization objectives related to the light and heat properties of architectural envelope; surrounding the key scientific issues such as the synergistic mechanism of multi-objective performance; the logicality and parametric modeling of architectural envelope that adapt to performance goals; and the mathematical model of performance optimization problems. Then introducing the multi-objective optimization platform industry is relatively mature, with comprehensive interdisciplinary research methods to explore the meteorological parameters and patterns of behavior common drive, to study multi-objective optimization design method based on parametric modeling and simulation technology. The research results are expected to enrich the weak theory of building performance optimization in China, and have important significance for the improvement of passive design methods; and provide exemplary methods and technical guidance for the optimization of the thermal performance of architectural envelope.

大型公建单位面积能耗是一般公建数倍，节能潜力巨大。采暖和照明能耗占西部太阳能富集区公建平均运行总能耗65%以上，而建筑光热性能受其表皮形态和构造影响最大。因此为充分利用该区丰富太阳能资源，课题选择对建筑光热性能影响最大的建筑表皮为研究对象，在充分调研该区大型公建用能指标、气象参数、行为模式及舒适度差异性的基础上；研究建筑表皮光热性能相关优化目标的选取、转译与定量化方法；围绕多目标性能的协同作用机制；适应性能目标的建筑表皮参数化建模逻辑和变量选取；及性能优化问题的数学建模方法等关键科学问题，引入工业领域相对成熟的多目标优化平台，以跨学科综合研究方法探索气象参数和行为模式共同驱动，基于参数化建模和能耗模拟技术的建筑表皮光热性能优化设计方法。研究成果有望丰富国内薄弱的建筑性能优化理论，改进适应气候的被动式设计方法；为后续大型绿色公建表皮设计提供示范性方法与技术指导。

多数大型公共建筑单位面积能耗大，节能潜力大。与光热性能密切相关的采暖和照明能耗占西部太阳能富集区公建平均运行总能耗65%以上，而建筑光热性能受其表皮形态和构造影响最大。既有大型公共建筑设计缺乏系统化的性能优化设计，往往依赖于建筑师的主观经验；对差异化功能的目标需求考虑不足，对光热耦合的多性能综合判断能力不足，导致方案阶段建筑表皮性能优化的潜力和价值无法充分体现。. 课题在充分调研太阳能富集区公共建筑室内环境、行为模式及舒适度差异化需求基础上；研究了建筑表皮光热相关性能优化目标的选取、转译与定量化方法。针对当前面对多样性，多层次结构和相互矛盾的多个优化目标时，自动寻优所带来可供选择方案（策略空间）的指数级增加和设计决策难度提升等问题。改进了常规的多目标自动寻优流程，提出了基于采样模拟及数据多维分析的建筑表皮设计流程和方法。数据分析环节包含潜力分析、敏感性分析、多目标交互式筛选、趋势预测分析四个独立模块，针对不同设计阶段和优化方向提供决策辅助。案例研究结果表明此设计流程提升了模拟数据的利用效率，实现了优化过程的可视、可控、可追溯，提高了设计决策的效率和合理性。. 本研究立足于建筑设计专业视角，重点关注方案设计阶段的表皮性能优化。课题研究的理论成果和软件工具包已在多项工程项目设计中应用并验证。经反馈，建筑师能够快速理解和掌握相关流程与工具，有利于后期的推广与转化。同时，考虑到数字化平台的通用性、模块化、易移植等特性，研究成果也能够应用于更多气候区，不同建筑类型的设计实践。.