廉价金属电极在全印刷型钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用研究

Recently, the technology of fabricating solar cells based on CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite has achieved great developments. In short years, the power conversion efficiency record of perovskite solar cells in small scale reaches 22.1%, exceeding the version of poly-silicon solar cells (21.3%). In comparison with the poly-silicon solar cells, the cost of perovskite solar cells is much cheaper and the fabricating process is much easier. Hence, the perovskite solar cell will largely push on the development of low-cost PV devices. However, the traditional perovskite solar cells still need thermal evaporating of novel metal (Au, Ag) as their counter electrode. The novel metals and evaporating techniques will not favorable for the further development of low-cost solar cells. On the basis of this, this project is aiming at exploring new printable low-cost metal materials for the counter electrode of perovskite solar cells. This printable electrode will decrease the cost of solar cells both in material and fabricating process, promoting the commercialization of perovskite solar cells.

近年来，基于钙钛矿类吸光材料（CH3NH3PbI3）的太阳能电池技术发展迅猛。在短短数年内，小面积钙钛矿太阳能电池器件的光电转化认证效率记录达到了22.1%，超越多晶硅太阳能电池的效率记录（21.3%）。而相比于多晶硅太阳能电池，钙钛矿太阳能电池所需的材料更廉价，所用的制备工艺也更简单。因此，钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展可在极大程度上降低光伏器件的成本，有利于推进低成本光伏技术的商业化应用。然而，传统钙钛矿太阳能电池仍然采用蒸镀金、银等贵金属材料的方法来制备对电极。贵金属材料和蒸镀工艺在一定程度上限制了钙钛矿太阳能电池成本的进一步降低。对此，本项目拟采用廉价金属材料（镍、铜等），制备出一种可印刷型的介孔金属电极，并将这种电极应用于全印刷型钙钛矿太阳能电池中。在材料成本和制备工艺两方面进一步降低钙钛矿太阳能电池的成本，提高其商业化竞争力。

本项目围绕钙钛矿太阳能电池的基础科学问题，以材料研发与制备为基础，结合印刷技术，探索如何在低成本条件下获得高性能稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池的新技术与方法。如图3所示，针对高效可印刷型钙钛矿太阳能电池，重点开发可印刷介孔金属电极材料。在此基础之上，利用能带工程与界面工程，对所开发出的介孔金属电极进行导电性能的优化和功函数大小的调控，实现该类电极在太阳能电池器件中高效的电荷交换与传输。最终，通过各种分析测试手段，揭示电极材料、界面结构与电池器件性能三者之间的内在规律，实现高效稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池的制备。