高效稳定无空穴传输材料可印刷钙钛矿太阳能电池研究

Facing the demand for novel low-cost clean energy and focusing on the scientific problems associated with perovskite solar cells, it is worth exploring a new method under the low cost condition to improve the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells based on the design and preparation of materials and the development of the new material system with independent intellectual property rights. In this proposal we should study intensively a hole-conductor free fully-printable perovskite solar cells, which the nanocrystalline layer, the space layer and the carbon counter electrode layer are screen-printed layer by layer on a single conducting substrate, and then perovskite material is filled into the porous layers. We should optimize the perovskite materials AMX3 on structure by introducing amphipathic molecules to form mixed cation perovskite materials. Meanwhile, we should develop the environmental-friendly stable perovskite materials with wider absorption spectra and higher efficiency by a variety of methods such as multiple halogens blending method. Moreover, the energy band of nano metal oxide materials should be adjusted and controlled, the work function of the mesoscopic carbon counter electrodes should be improved. Assisted with these optimization we hope to find a way to increase the efficiencies of the light harvesting, charge transfer, charge transport and charge separation within the hole-conductor free fully-printable perovskite solar cells and find out the relationship between material structure and device performance. After that a low-cost solar cell with high efficiency exceeding 18% should be obtained. This project should provide material system with independent intellectual property rights and the theoretical and technical support.

面向新型廉价清洁能源重大战略需求，围绕钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换相关基础科学问题，以材料设计和制备为基础，发展具有自主知识产权的材料体系，探索在廉价条件下提高钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性的新方法。本项目深入研究无空穴传输材料可印刷钙钛矿太阳能电池，其特点是在导电衬底上逐层印刷纳米晶层、间隔层、碳对电极层，之后填充钙钛矿材料。拟对AMX3型钙钛矿材料进行结构上的优化和开发，引入两性分子构建混合阳离子型钙钛矿材料；采用卤族元素多元共混等方法，开发对环境友好且具有更宽吸收光谱、更高效的稳定钙钛矿材料；调控纳米金属氧化物材料能带，提高介孔碳对电极功函数；寻求提高无空穴传输材料可印刷钙钛矿太阳能电池光子捕获效率、电荷转移、传输和分离效率的方法，厘清材料结构与器件性能间的关系，获得光电转换效率超过18%的廉价稳定光伏器件，为钙钛矿太阳能电池的发展提供具有自主知识产权的材料体系及理论和技术支撑。

面向新型廉价清洁能源重大战略需求，围绕钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换相关基础科学问题，以材料设计和制备为基础，发展具有自主知识产权的材料体系，探索在廉价条件下提高钙钛矿太阳能电池光电转换效率和稳定性的新方法。本项目深入研究无空穴传输材料可印刷钙钛矿太阳能电池，其特点是在导电衬底上逐层印刷纳米晶层、绝缘层、碳对电极层，之后填充钙钛矿材料。结合第一性原理，开展了钙钛矿材料组分，结构，性能内在关联的多方位研究与表征，对其稳定性和光谱响应特性的内在影响机制进行了深入的研究与深刻的理解，成功制备了稳定性好，入射光吸收率高的混合离子型钙钛矿材料；对纳米晶电子受体材料的合成，掺杂与性能进行了多方位的研究，制备出了高分散，能级可控的电子收集材料；针对背电极与钙钛矿能级匹配问题，成功对碳电极材料进行硼掺杂，开发了高功函的背电极材料；着重研究了界面对器件性能的重要影响，开发了利用小分子等修饰二氧化钛/钙钛矿界面，利用高功函氧化物修饰碳/钙钛矿界面等技术；深入分析了可印刷钙钛矿太阳电池中各材料以及界面对器件性能的影响规律，成功制备了高效稳定的可印刷介观钙钛矿太阳电池，获得了18.2%的光电转换效率，并研制成功稳定的110cm2全印刷钙钛矿示范性系统。制备的器件获得了超过4000h的暗态稳定性，超过1000h的光照稳定性，通过了IEC61215紫外稳定性测试，完成了项目技术指标。在Science、Nature Chem.、Nature Comms.、Adv Mater.、J Am Chem Soc.等期刊上发表论文109篇，申请国家发明专利27项，获批国家发明专利5项，申请PCT国际专利1项，获批6项国际专利，部分专利已通过挂牌转让实施产业化。项目团队成员获长江学者特聘教授、万人计划科技创新领军人才、国务院政府津贴、基金委优秀青年基金、湖北省楚天学子等称号，培养27名博士研究生获博士学位，10名硕士研究生获硕士学位，6名博士后出站。本项目打造了印刷钙钛矿太阳能电池团队在国内外的影响力，扩大了队伍，引领了介观钙钛矿太阳能电池可印刷、稳定性及低成本方面的发展，为钙钛矿太阳能电池的进一步发展提供了具有自主知识产权的材料体系及理论和技术支撑。