中国间座壳目病原真菌的分类和系统学研究

Species of Diaporthales have broad host ranges and wide distribution, occurring as plant pathogens of dieback, leaf scorch, canker, anthracnose and the famous chestnut blight disease, which threat the health of most forest and some special crops seriously and lead great ecological and economical losses. The taxonomy and phylogeny of Diaporthales are, however, stuck by lack of species resources and unclear taxonomic frame, which also restrict studies of physiology of this pathogens. The current project aims to clarify the species of Diaporthales; clarify the relationship of the distributions and host ranges between different families, genera and species; provide the relative database and backbone trees in Diaporthales; and establish the rapid identification system of diaporthalean plant disease based on morphology and molecular analysis. The results of this project could provide theories of physiology and guidance of detection and control to important relative plant disease.

间座壳目病原真菌分布广泛，引起板栗疫病、腐烂病、枯萎病等多种重要植物病害，严重威胁林木健康，造成重大的生态和经济损失。但是该类真菌的种质资源研究十分缺乏，分类学框架尚未明确，同时也制约了其他相关病理学研究。本项目结合形态学和分子系统发生学研究我国间座壳目真菌不同科、属和种的形态学特征和系统进化关系，从而明确我国间座壳目的种类、分布，及其与寄主的相互关系，丰富我国在该研究领域的基因数据库，建立该类群真菌的分类框架；同时确立该类重要植物病害的快速诊断的形态学依据及分子鉴定技术。本项目成果将为我国该类重要病害的病理学研究提供理论基础，为相关病害的检测和防控提供科学指导和依据。

间座壳目病原真菌分布广泛，引起板栗疫病、板栗实腐病、杨树腐烂病、鹅耳枥叶斑病等多种重要植物病害，严重威胁林木健康，造成重大的生态和经济损失。本项目依据采集自全国26省市自治区的1500余份标本及分离获得的3000余菌株，主要开展了间座壳目不同科、属和种的形态学特征和系统进化关系；筛选用于科、属和种级别的形态学分类依据；建立我国间座壳目真菌的的多片段基因数据库；重要植物病害的快速诊断技术。本项目的主要成果有（1）摸清了我国间座壳目17科26属134种；（2）建立了稳定的间座壳目的科、属形态检索表；（3）确立了我国间座壳目的多基因（ITS-LSU-TEF1-α-RPB2）分子骨架系统；（4）开发了板栗实腐病、溃疡病等严重病害的有效诊断检测技术。本项目的开展明确了中国间作壳目真菌的种类、分布、危害，为后续的资源调查、病害防治、检疫工作提供了可靠依据。