高导电高容量高分子复合纤维电极的连续制备和电化学性能研究

Although polymer fibers are less conductive or even insulating, they possess a series of merits including lightweight, high flexibility, high chemical stability, and ready for industrially scale-up production and can be tailored without any restriction through matured textile processing technologies, which allow them very attractive as ideal scaffold for building fiber-shaped supercapacitors (FSSCs). To make polymer fibers suitable for the use in FSSCs, conductive and electrochemical active materials have been coated on the surface of them via different methods, however, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve high conductivity and mass loading of active materials. In this project, a cylindrical assembly of carbon nanotube, which is continuously produced from floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method, is precisely wrapped around a general polymer fiber (e.g. polyester fiber, polyurethane fiber and polypropylene fiber) to prepare a highly conductive composite fiber. Polyaniline is then highly loaded on the above fiber through an electrochemical deposition process and finally a polymer hybrid fiber with high conductivity and capacitance is obtained. This project provides the possibility to realize the continuous and efficient preparation of FSSCs with promising electrochemical performance and long length, which will be of great significance to promote the development of FSSCs.

高分子纤维虽然不导电或电导率比较低，但具有质量轻、柔性高、化学稳定性好、可工业化规模制备，并可以通过成熟的纺织加工技术进行各种设计等优点，使其成为构建纤维状超级电容器的理想支架。为了使高分子纤维有效适用于纤维状超级电容器，现有研究通常采用不同方法在其表面负载导电材料和电化学活性材料，但是难以同时实现高电导率和活性材料的高负载。本项目拟利用表面包覆技术将浮动化学气相沉积法连续制备的碳纳米管宏观筒状物与通用高分子纤维(如聚酯纤维、聚氨酯纤维、聚丙烯纤维等)精准复合形成高导电纤维，随后通过电化学沉积法将聚苯胺高负载到纤维中，最终制备出具有高导电和高容量的高分子复合纤维电极。本项目的提出有望实现连续化高效制备具有良好电化学性能的超长纤维状超级电容器，对于推动纤维状超级电容器的发展具有重要意义。

柔性可穿戴电子设备的快速发展使得对柔性储能器件的需求日益迫切。在众多储能器件中，柔性超级电容器因其功率密度高、充放电速度快、循环寿命长、安全性好而备受关注。制备高性能柔性超级电容器的关键之一是设计具有良好电化学性能、高稳定性和优异力学性能的柔性电极。本项目以浮动化学气相沉积法连续制备的碳纳米管宏观筒状物为基础材料，一方面将其直接加工成碳纳米管改性高分子纤维和碳纳米管纤维，随后负载电化学活性材料构建了柔性纤维电极，另一方面将制得的碳纳米管纤维并线加捻成碳纳米管纱线，然后采用成熟的工业化针织技术将碳纳米管纱线编成织物，最后负载电化学活性材料构建了柔性织物电极。本项目旨在实现兼具良柔性和良好电化学性能的电极，为柔性超级电容器的发展提供一种选择。