基于ICT技术的社区复合养老设施空间绩效优化模型研究

Community-Based Integrated Facility for the Elderly- a prototype of mini-size and integrated functions- has become the new hotspot of public development. A study on the spatial performance of the new prototype is practical significant, because the uniqueness of the new facility type and the prevalent low-efficiency of elderly facilities in the neighborhoods. ..Aiming at the design model for spatial-performance optimization for the new prototype, the project proposed a study on the typical community-based integrated facilities for the elderly. With the methodology of evidence-based design theory as well as the ICT and environmental research tools, facts and factors of space-user synergy will be found out and finally form the model...The method will take an empirical approach with four interlocked phases as survey, experiment, comparison and evaluation. Survey of different neighborhoods with elderly facilities will be launched to seek problems caused by built-up environments, composition of functions, users etc. ICT experiments designed for the typical facilities will provide real-time data to evaluate the spatial performance –gain, effect and efficiency, as well as the users preference. Comparison study will be built between spaces with low spatial performance and the control model applied with optimizing proposals. Finally conclusion will be made according to high spatial-performance evidences. ..In summary, the study is capable and reliable to create the design model system for spatial-performance optimization, including topological model of the neighborhoods, ICT experimental technics for the facilities, analysis methods of real-time spatial-temporal data, as well as model cases. The model will provide scientific evidences and repeatable templates for design, construction and services optimization of the community-based integrated facilities for the elderly.

鉴于社区复合养老设施区别于传统养老机构的特征，以及现有社区养老设施普遍的低效利用现象，对于这种已成为建设热点的新设施类型的空间绩效研究有现实意义。.以典型设施为研究对象，综合运用ICT技术和行为学方法，挖掘空间与人协同的有效证据并建立空间绩效优化模型。.遵循“发现-观测-应用-评估”的研究路线，通过普查寻找社区环境、功能组合与使用反馈的突出问题；建立典型案例的ICT实验平台以检验空间使用效率、使用者行为偏好，应用数据分析掌握收益、效果与效率的内在关系；针对绩效问题突出的部位提出优化设计并形成对照实验；最终通过评估实验结果并递进形成科学量化的成果与示范。.本课题最终将形成包括社区空间拓扑模型、ICT专项实验技术、实证数据分析技术和空间绩效优化示范项目等成果所构成的空间绩效优化模型，为社区复合养老设施的设计、建设和服务提供科学的决策依据和可复制的设计模板。

社区复合养老设施的重要性在高质量发展新时代不断提升，鉴于社区复合养老设施区别于传统养老机构的特征，以及现有社区养老设施普遍的低效利用现象，空间绩效研究有现实意义。其研究成果不仅有利于帮助城市老年人原居安老，对各种类型公共服务设施优化绩效，提供高品质公共服务也有突出意义。.以典型设施为研究对象，挖掘空间与人协同的有效证据并建立空间绩效优化模型。遵循“发现-观测-应用-评估”的研究路线，通过普查寻找社区环境、功能组合与使用反馈的突出问题;建立典型案例的ICT实验平台以检验空间使用效率、使用者行为偏好，应用数据分析掌握收益、效果与效率的内在关系;针对绩效问题突出的部位提出优化设计并形成对照实验;最终通过评估实验结果并递进形成科学量化的成果与示范。结合ICT技术和行为学方法，研究开展了长期追踪和实验改造。主要成果包括：.首先，社区复合养老设施有能力满足大多数老年人的居家养老服务需求。包括日间照料中心和养老院等针对困难老年人的功能需要因地制宜、结合真实需求审慎配置。.其次，提升社区养老设施的空间绩效的三条关键是满足自治共治的管理边界，高集成化且具备储藏的功能空间，为老功能重助餐、报长照、轻日托。.第三，社区养老设施中康复功能是帮助原居安老的核心功能，但独立康复室的闲置利用是正常且几乎不可避免的现象。以提升社区养老设施中康复功能的空间绩效为目标，有必要在设计中采用以护理站为轴、活动融合康复并选择有效器械等三条策略。