基于资源循环代谢的城市基础设施和空间形态耦合生成与优化设计研究

Currently, the rapid urbanization in China is causing the revulsion of urban morphology and leading to the ecology crisis and thus preventing its own sustainable development. As the ecosystem, the ecological logic of “urban metabolism — urban infrastructure — urban morphology” in the urban living environment determines the ecological properties of Urban Ecosystem. Accordingly, basing on the relevance between urban metabolism and urban morphology, the research is to establish a framework of the coupled generation and optimized design between urban infrastructure and urban spatial morphology based on resource cycle metabolism. Firstly, “Urban Habitat Ecological Unit” is defined according to the resource cycle metabolism, urban infrastructure and urban morphology components in Urban Ecosystem, and the experimental sample models are constructed through the investigation of ecological city examples. Secondly, basing on the balance mode of resource cycle metabolism, the analysis of urban metabolism is used to analyze the metabolic network and entity spatial properties in the sample model, and then the parametric graphic module and the metabolic balance metering table are created. Thirdly, on the basis of the metabolic balance metering table, Genetic Algorithm is used to develop a coupling algorithm between urban infrastructure graphic module and spatial form graphic module which compose the gene pool, and then the coupling calculation experiment conducted to generate the optimal coupling model. Finally, the optimized design strategies for urban morphology will be proposed according to the optimal coupling model. In summary, the research aims to explore an ecological urban design mode which is in the line with the ecology logic through integrating the environmental engineering, urban design and architecture disciplines theories in order to provide a theoretical and practical guidance for ecological urban design.

当今我国高速城市化进程引发城市形态剧变并导致其生态危机从而阻碍其可持续发展。作为生态系统的城市人居环境，其“城市代谢——基础设施——城市形态”的生态逻辑决定其生态属性。因此，本研究基于城市代谢和城市形态关联而研究基于资源循环代谢的城市基础设施和空间形态耦合生成与优化设计：首先，以循环代谢、基础设施和空间形态为组件建构“城市人居生态单元”并通过生态城市调查取样而建立各组件实验样本；其次，基于资源循环代谢平衡模型，运用“流”和“量”分析研究实验样本代谢的网络和实体空间属性并建立其参数化图示模块和平衡配量表；再次，基于平衡配量表，采用遗传算法建立以基础设施与空间形态图示模块为基因库的耦合算法，经耦合测算实验生成耦合模型；最后，依据最优耦合模型提出城市形态优化设计策略。综上所述，本研究通过整合环境工程、建筑学和城市设计理论探求一种合乎生态逻辑的生态城市设计模式而为生态城市建设提供理论和实践指导。

研究通过对城市代谢和城市形态的理论解读而建立城市代谢与城市形态的关联研究框架；以此为基础，从城市生态学的视角出发重塑由“资源循环代谢——生态技术设施——物质空间形态”构成的城市生态系统，进而通过各子系统一体化整合而提出“城市人居生态单元”的概念、内涵、要素、层级和结构。同时，研究采用物质流分析方法探求资源代谢过程与城市功能空间之间的互动关系及其图示表达，以人均资源消费结构以及人均各类用地和建筑面积配额为标准，以能值为统一量纲核算代谢效率、输入最小化指数和自给自足指数等指标，分别从城市、片区、社区和街区尺度进行以资源循环代谢为目标的物质空间形态的平衡配量研究，并借助于构建的生态技术设施工具集探求物质空间形态与市政基础设施相耦合的生态化模式，依托拟定实验场地的示范设计和验证，从而提出生态城市规划设计的策略与方法，从而为我国的生态城市建设提供科学借鉴价值与意义。