二维层状钼、铋纳米功能材料的室温固相设计合成、机理及催化性能

The two-dimensional nanomaterials exhibited excellent physical and chemical properties because of their unique layered crystal structure, large specific surface area, tunable band structure, which has became research hotspots in electronics, energy conversion and storage, catalysis and other fields. The key to the research and application for this kind of material is the green and oriented preparation of two-dimensional layered structure with the desired structure and properties. At present, the preparation methods of two-dimensional materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the scope of application is different. Therefore, it is still a challenge to find a low-cost, high-yield, simple and green method to prepare two-dimensional layered materials. In this project, we will design suitable solid-state chemical reaction system, inwhich the reactants have specific structure, use the no-solvent and ease-to-control room-temperature solid-state chemical reaction to synthesize two-dimensional layered materials of molybdenum and bismuth fuctional nanomaterials. The monolayer ultrathin films, the graphene-like structures, multilayer nanosheets and hierarchical layered structures with the controllable composition, size and thickness will be obtained. The solid-state formation mechanism of two-dimensional nanomaterials will be discussed in detail, then the room-temperature solid-state synthetic methods will be established. The relationship between the structure and catalytic properties for two-dimensional layered nanomaterials with different morphological characteristics will be investigated.

二维纳米材料因其独特的层状晶体结构、大的比表面积、可调控的能带结构，呈现出优异的物化性质，成为电子、能源转换与存储、催化等领域的研究热点。绿色、定向制备具有特定结构和性质的二维层状结构是此类材料研究和应用的关键。目前二维材料的制备方法各有其优缺点，且适用范围不同，因此继续寻求低成本、高产率、简单且绿色环保的方法来制备二维层状材料依然是一个挑战。本项目设计合适的固相化学反应体系，采用特定结构的反应物，通过无溶剂、简便的室温固相化学反应合成二维层状钼、铋的纳米功能材料，得到组成、尺寸、厚度可控的单层超薄纳米膜、类石墨烯结构、多层纳米片和分级层状结构，探讨这些二维纳米结构的固相可控形成机理，建立此类材料的室温固相合成方法，研究不同形貌特征的二维层状纳米材料的结构与催化性能之间的构效关系。

二维纳米材料具有大的比表面积，易于进行表面功能化，在光催化、电催化、能源转化与存储等领域极具应用前景。制备具有特定结构和性质的二维纳米材料是此类材料研究和应用的关键。本项目采用操作简单的固相化学合成方法制备了二维铋系（碘氧化铋、碘酸氧铋、钨酸铋）和钼系（氧化钼、碳化钼、硫化钼）纳米材料，探讨了这些材料的固相合成机理，研究了二维铋系纳米材料的光催化降解性能和二维钼系纳米材料的电催化析氢性能，摸索了二维钼、铋系化合物纳米材料的组成、微结构与催化性能之间的构效关系。研究结果表明固相化学合成方法可成功应用于二维钼、铋系化合物纳米材料的无溶剂合成，二维铋系纳米材料对于有机模拟污染物具有较好的光降解性能，而二维钼系纳米材料具有较好的电催化析氢活性和稳定性，在降解有机污染物及水裂解产氢领域具有研究价值。