金属氧化物/石墨烯纳米复合气敏材料的低热固相设计合成、机理及性能

Nanocomposites have become the important research object for functional materials owing to their more excellent performance than a single material. At present, it is the research trend for nanocopomsites to fabricate them using a simpler process, to effectively control their size and composition, and to obtain more excellent performance. Thus, the designed synthesis of nanocompound functional materials using simple and efficient methods, and the systemic study on their physical and chemical properties have become the research focus of the current work. In this project, novel metal oxides/graphene nanocompound gas-sensing materials would been synthesized by the simple, convenient and environmental low-heating solid-state chemical reaction techniques. The chemical composition, dimension, size, morphology and dispersion of solid-state product(metal oxides/graphene nanocomposites) will be controlled through the design of reaction system, reaction conditions, complex environment and pattern. The solid-state reaction mechanism and complex mechanism will be discussed. The new low-heating solid-state synthetic method for metal oxides/graphene nanocompound gas-sensing materials will be established. The gas-sensing property of nanoscale metal oxides/graphene composites for the toxic and harmful gas will be tested, and the correlation between the parameters, such as chemical composition, microstructure, etc and gas-sensing performance of as-prepared metal oxides/graphene nanocomposites will be found. Based on that,the rules of low-heating solid-state designed synthesis for nanoscale metal oxides/graphene compound gas-sensing materials can be obtained. The study will provide an example for the further development of the low-heating solid-state synthetic techniques, and open up a new way to improve the comprehensive properties of metal oxides semiconductor gas sensors.

纳米复合材料由于具有比单一材料更为优异的性能而成为功能材料研究的重要对象。目前，纳米复合材料的研究正朝着制备工艺简单化、尺寸与组成可控化、性能优异化的方向发展，因而选择简单方法来设计合成纳米复合功能材料并对其物化性能进行系统研究已成为当前的热点研究。 本项目采用简单方便且绿色的低热固相合成技术合成金属氧化物/石墨烯纳米复合气敏材料，通过反应体系、反应条件、复合环境及复合方式的设计来实现材料化学组成、维度、尺寸、形貌、分散度的控制，进而探究该类材料的固相反应机理及复合机制，建立该类材料的低热固相合成新方法；通过测试该类材料对于有毒有害气体的敏感性能，找出其化学组成、微观结构等与气敏性能之间的相关性，得到能指导今后金属氧化物/石墨烯纳米复合气敏材料低热固相设计合成的规律，为低热固相合成技术的进一步发展提供实例，也为金属氧化物半导体气体传感器综合性能的提高提供新途径。

开发绿色的合成方法，制备不同组成和微观结构的纳米复合材料，研究它们的物化性能及应用，对于纳米功能材料具有研究意义。本项目采用简单、方便、低成本的低热固相合成方法合成了一系列氧化物纳米材料、氧化物/石墨烯纳米复合材料，对合成的样品的组成、尺寸及形貌进行了表征，探究了反应体系的不同、反应微环境的改变、石墨烯的存在对产物组成和微观参数（如尺寸、形貌、孔径结构等）的影响规律，推测了低热固相反应机理及复合机制，研究了纳米材料微观参数与气敏性能之间的构效关系，得到了灵敏度高、响应快的综合性能优异的气敏材料。此研究工作可为合成氧化物/石墨烯纳米复合材料提供借鉴，亦为开发新的气敏材料体系提供了新途径。