超高交联聚苯胺的合成、结构及其对重金属离子和溶解性有机物的共吸附机理

In recent years, polyaniline (PANI) has attracted considerable attentions in chemical sensor, secondary battery and super-capacitor. PANI is also a kind of high-performance adsorbent for efficient adsorption of heavy metal ions (HM). However, PANI possesses tightly packed structure and low BET surface area, which results in a very small adsorption capacity towards dissolved organic matter (DOM). DOM is frequently coexistent with HM in the real HM wastewater and hence co-adsorption of HM and DOM by a kind of novel PANI with high BET surface area is of great significance. .In this project, we hope to chemically bond the rigid crosslinking reagents (diiodomethane, cyanuric chloride, et al) on the skeleton of PANI using hyper-crosslinking reactions (N-alkylation, N-acylation, Buchwald coupling, et al.) so that the hyper-cross-linked PANI can be prepared. The structures (chemical structure, pore structure, microstructure, crosslinking structure, et al) and the properties (the thermodynamic stability, chemical stability, co-adsorption property of HM and DOM, et al) of the hyper-cross-linked PANI will be studied. Moreover, the relationship between the structure and the property of the hyper-cross-linked PANI, the effect of the molecular structure of the rigid crosslinking reagents and the synthetic conditions on the structure and the property will be discussed so that the synthesis method for the hyper-cross-linked PANI can be set up. In addition, the co-adsorption behaviors of HM and DOM on the hyper-cross-linked PANI will be investigated so that the interaction mechanism can be expounded, and the co-adsorption of HM and DOM from the HM wastewater can be realized. The hyper-cross-linked PANI developed in this project is hoped to be applied in treatment and recovery of HM wastewater.

聚苯胺（PANI）吸附重金属离子（HM）是近年来的研究热点。针对PANI堆积紧密、比表面积低、对水体中溶解性有机物（DOM）吸附量低的问题，本项目设计N-烷基化、N-酰基化和Buchwald偶联等反应，将刚性交联剂（二碘甲烷、三聚氰氯等）构筑到PANI的骨架上，大幅提高PANI的比表面积并改善其紧密堆积程度，合成具有高比表面积的超高交联PANI。研究超高交联PANI的化学结构、孔结构、微观结构、交联键结构等结构特征，考察其热力学稳定性、化学稳定性、对典型HM和DOM的共吸附等性能，探究结构与性能的构效关系以及合成条件对结构与性能的影响，进而通过对交联剂分子结构和合成条件的调控与优化，建立合成具有高比表面积和孔容及优异稳定性的超高交联PANI的方法。揭示超高交联PANI对HM和DOM的共吸附机理，实现HM和DOM在超高交联PANI上的共吸附，期望在现实的重金属离子废水的治理得到应用。

项目设计N-烷基化、N-酰基化、Friedel-Crafts烷基化、Friedel-Crafts酰基化等超高交联反应，将刚性交联剂构筑到聚苯胺（PANI）或聚苯乙烯（PST）的骨架上，大幅提高PANI或PST的比表面积并改善其紧密堆积程度，合成结构可控的超高交联PANI或PST。研究超高交联PANI或PST的化学结构、孔结构、微观结构、交联键结构等结构特征，考察其热力学稳定性、化学稳定性、对典型溶解性有机物（DOM）和重金属离子（HM）的吸附等性能，探究结构与性能的构效关系以及合成条件对结构与性能的影响，进而通过对交联剂分子结构和合成条件的调控与优化，建立合成具有高比表面积和孔容及优异稳定性的超高交联PANI或PST的方法。揭示超高交联PANI或PST对DOM和HM的吸附机理，为溶解性有机物和重金属的吸附去除提供新方法。