通用机场低空风切变风险评价方法研究

Accurate early warning and detection of low-level wind shear have always been hot research topics in the international aviation community. Because of the poor stability and the low flying altitude of the general aircraft, the low altitude wind shear caused by topography and buildings is a great threat to the safety of their departing and landing. Due to the low spatial and temporal scale of low-level wind shear, it is necessary to introduce the simulation method of large eddy simulation to analyze the influence of the unsteady wind field of the atmospheric boundary layer. This project aims to build a multi-scale coupling simulation method integrating high-precision weather research and forecasting model, and large eddy simulation, which will focus on the influence of the topography and buildings and reveal the generation mechanism of wind shear risk of general airports. The accuracy of the method will be verified based on the multiple meteorological observation data using mathematical statistics. Considering the statistical characteristics of the unsteady wind flow, the risk probability of wind shear of the general airport will be grasped based on evaluation indexes, such as eddy dissipation rate. On the basis of these studies, we will build the wind shear risk identification, risk quantification, and risk assessment methods of general airport terminal area. And then we will identify the high-risk airspace and weather background of low altitude wind shear under different terrain and building environment, and provide general airport wind shear risk active avoidance measures. The research results can provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of wind shear risk in the site selection, design and management of general airports, and provide an important guarantee for the safe and efficient operation of the airports.

准确地预警和探测低空风切变一直是国际航空界的研究热点。通用飞机风稳特性差、航行高度低，由地形地貌及建筑物引起的低空风切变将严重威胁其起降安全。由于低空风切变时空尺度小，受大气边界层非定常风场特性的影响显著，因此亟需引入大涡模拟等精细化仿真手段进行分析。本研究拟通过融合高精度气象预测模式和大涡模拟的多尺度耦合仿真方法，从地形地貌及建筑物角度揭示通用机场低空风切变风险产生机制，并基于多元气象观测数据进行可靠性验证；考虑非定常风场的数理统计特性，基于涡流消散率等评价指标，准确掌握通用机场低空风切变的风险；在此基础上建立通用机场终端区风切变风险识别、风险量化及风险影响评估方法，鉴别不同地形和建筑环境下低空风切高风险空域及天气背景，为通用机场风切变风险防控提供主动规避措施建议。研究成果可为通用机场选址、设计和管控中的风切变风险防控提供理论支撑，将为通用机场的安全和高效运营提供重要保障。

准确地预警和探测低空风切变一直是国际航空界的研究热点。通用飞机风稳特性差、航行高度低，由地形地貌及建筑物引起的低空风切变将严重威胁其起降安全。由于低空风切变时空尺度小，受大气边界层非定常风场特性的影响显著，因此亟需引入大涡模拟等精细化仿真手段进行分析。. 本项目通过融合高精度气象预测模式和大涡模拟的多尺度耦合仿真方法，从地形地貌及建筑物角度揭示通用机场低空风切变风险产生机制，并基于多元气象观测数据进行可靠性验证；考虑非定常风场的数理统计特性，基于涡流消散率等评价指标，准确掌握通用机场低空风切变的风险；在此基础上建立通用机场终端区风切变风险识别、风险量化及风险影响评估方法，鉴别不同地形和建筑环境下低空风切高风险空域及天气背景，为通用机场风切变风险防控提供主动规避措施建议。. 本项目已形成“模型建立-网格划分-案例计算-观测数据验证-典型工况模拟-风切变风险分析”的系统性地形和建筑影响下机场低空风切变风险评估方法，并证实WRF-LES耦合仿真方法可用于对机场低空风切变的数值模拟，得到的结果与实际气象设备观测数据具有较好的吻合度，基于逆风变化率、侧风变化率、F-factor等风切变指标的对比分析表明WRF-LES耦合仿真方法具有可靠性和有效性。研究成果可为通用机场选址、设计和管控中的风切变风险防控提供理论支撑，将为通用机场的安全和高效运营提供重要保障。. 本项目组发表两篇JCR Q1区等多篇论文；发表论文中，一篇同时入选ESI热点和高被引，另一篇入选ESI高被引。.