云南分心木品质与安全性及治疗肾虚相关病症基础研究

Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus (DJF) is the wood compartment of walnut fruit. It was used as an herbal medicine with a variety of uses for a long time, but the systemic and deep study about DJF is limited. Yunnan walnut industry concerning the planting area, yield, and output value ranks first in the country, with an annual output of more than 700,000 tons of walnut, and as a by-product, DJF annual output of more than 9 million kilograms. DJF resource reserves are unusually large. However, most of them are unable to be effectively developed and used. In order to better understand the medicinal value of DJF and find a way for modernized use of DJF resources, based on the traditional medicinal way of DJF, this subject plans to carry out the relevant medicinal basic research on the DJF from Yunnan. Traditionally, DJF is mainly used for the treatment of the urinary and reproductive system diseases due to kidney deficiency, including (kidney deficiency) nocturnal emission, prostate disease, nephritis, and gonorrhea hematuria. The preliminary studies of this project indicated that DJF did possess a good development potential in the anti-bacteria, anti-inflammatory, and male health. Moreover, we also found for the first time that when DJF is used as an herbal medicine, possible safety risk may exist. For the purpose to comprehensively and systematically understand the quality of DJF, as well as the rationality of traditional application of this medicine, this project plans to conduct a series of chemical, toxicological, and pharmacodynamic research about DJF focused on the quality, safety, and the efficacy for reproductive and urinary system disorders. We hope this project could lay an important foundation for the rational development and scientific use of huge DJF resources from Yunnan in the future.

分心木为核桃果内木质中隔，作为药材有多种用途但系统与深入研究有限。云南核桃产业在种植面积、产量和产值上均居全国首位，年产核桃已达70万吨以上，分心木作为副产品年产量900万公斤以上，资源蕴藏量异常巨大，但未能有效开发利用。为深入了解分心木的药用价值，寻找分心木资源现代化利用途径，本课题拟以分心木传统药用方式为依据，对分心木进行相关药用基础研究。传统上分心木主要用于治疗中医学肾虚相关的泌尿与生殖系统病症，包括（肾虚）遗精、前列腺疾患、肾炎、淋病尿血等。本课题前期研究结果显示，分心木在抗菌消炎、男性保健等方面确有较好的发展潜力，同时还首次发现分心木可能存在一定的使用安全风险。为此，本课题将在此基础上，围绕分心木品质、安全性、用于生殖与泌尿系统病症功效方面展开系统的化学、毒理学、药效学基础性研究，以期对分心木基本品质与传统应用有深入的认识，为合理开发与科学利用云南巨大的分心木资源提供基础研究依据

分心木是核桃加工过程的主要副产物，产量巨大但应用有限，资源浪费严重。作为传统民族药材，分心木有固肾、涩精、缩尿等功效，主要用于泌尿、生殖系统病症治疗，但药效成分、作用机制以及安全性不明。为此，本项目开展了分心木药效物质、安全性以及对泌尿、生殖系统相关病症作用与机制研究，为分心木开发利用创造条件。.鉴于分心木有机成分研究已有较多报道，本研究重点开展了提取物中无机微量元素以及活性部位有机成分分析研究，结合小鼠毒性实验，动物肾虚、前列腺炎、高尿酸血症、缺血-再灌注损伤等模型试验，研究分心木药效物质、安全性以及泌尿、生殖系统作用，进而系统评价分心木药用品质。.本项目首次对分心木提取物中无机微量元素进行了系统研究。结果显示，分心木富含无机与微量元素，其中除钠、钾、钙、镁、磷、硅含量较高外，硼、钡、锰、锌、铜、锶、铯、铝、钼也较为丰富；分心木中的锌、锰、铜元素易被提取富集，应与其泌尿、生殖系统活性相关，值得深入关注。分心木提取物活性部位则主要含有酚性成分。安全性研究显示，小鼠摄入高于9.28 g/kg（云南分心木）和6.43 g/kg（新疆分心木）分心木提取物时，会出现因样品溶解度或酸碱性等导致的致死现象；低于该剂量时，均未表现出明显的毒性反应，且对体重和行为学也无明显影响，因此分心木常规剂量（0.62 g/kg以下）使用时是安全的。分心木提取物可使患有肾虚和前列腺炎的动物模型的各项指标趋向于正常，显示不同程度的治疗作用；还可通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶活性、促进尿酸代谢效率，有效抑制尿酸的生成、降低尿酸水平；同时可使氧化应激的相关指标有回归正常水平的趋势，下调缺血-再灌注损伤过程中的炎症因子水平，进而对缺血-再灌注引起的肝肾损伤有较好的防护作用。此外，体外实验显示分心木提取物还有提升精子活力和抗炎的效果。总之，分心木提取物对于泌尿、生殖系统病症具有治疗与保健作用，分心木用于相关系统病症治疗具有科学性与合理性。本研究证实了分心木基本作用，拓展了其在治疗痛风、对抗由缺血再灌注损伤引发病症的潜在价值，对于认识与开发分心木具有重要意义。