典型类固醇激素在水产养殖环境的污染特征与生物富集研究

Occurrence and fate of steroids in the aquatic environment have become the hotspot in the field of environmental science. Most studies have their focus on the fate and occurrence of steroids in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), livestock farms, and the receiving environment. Some natural and synthetic steroids have also been used in aquaculture to treat disease, promote growth, improve productivity, and develop single-sex populations of fish. With the rapid development of aquaculture in China, environmental steroids pollution and food safety problem become more and more serious. However, studies on steroids in aquaculture lag behind. The objectives of the present research will be to investigate the occurrence and fate of 28 steroids in different matrix (water, suspended particles, sediment, feed and biota) in typical aquaculture farms in Guangdong Province and assess the corresponding ecological risk. The field bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) of steroids calculated will be used to evaluate the bioaccumulation characteristics of steroids in different types of aquatic products. With the help of high resolution quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF), uptake kinetics and metabolic products of the typical progestagen norgestrel in plasma, liver, bile and muscle tissues of fish body will be also studied. Combining the results of the field and laboratory studies, it not only will help us to investigate the occurrence and ecological risk of steroids in the aquaculture environment, but also provide the basic data for better understanding the bioconcentration mechanism.

环境中类固醇激素的污染特征及环境行为是目前环境科学研究的热点之一，相关研究主要集中在污水处理厂、禽畜养殖及其受纳环境。随着我国水产养殖业的迅速发展，在养殖过程中添加类固醇激素药物所引起的环境及食品安全问题日益严峻。针对目前水产养殖环境中类固醇激素相关研究的诸多不足，本项目拟以广东省水产养殖区为研究区域，从水、颗粒物、沉积物、饲料及水产品等多介质相结合的角度，系统调查28种类固醇激素在水产养殖环境的污染特征与生态风险；基于生物富集因子，探讨类固醇激素在不同种类水产品中的生物富集特征；结合野外调查结果，选取典型孕激素，借助高分辨质谱，进一步通过室内暴露试验分析其在鱼血浆、肝、胆和肌肉组织的分布、吸收与代谢作用，为阐明其生物富集机理提供基础数据。

环境中类固醇激素的污染特征及环境行为是目前环境科学研究的热点之一，相关研究主要集中在污水处理厂、禽畜养殖及其受纳环境。随着我国水产养殖业的迅速发展，在养殖过程中添加类固醇激素药物所引起的环境及食品安全问题日益严峻。本项目研究发现养殖环境（水、颗粒物和沉积物）与饲料中均有类固醇激素的检出，鱼肌肉组织中的类固醇激素总浓度明显高于虾、蟹和贝类肌肉组织中的浓度，大部分养殖水体中残留的类固醇激素会对水生生物产生潜在的中低风险。基于生物富集因子的计算，部分类固醇激素在水产品组织中有较强的富集能力。室内暴露实验表明，CPTA在罗非鱼不同组织中的吸收净化能力较快、生物富集能力较弱，同时借助高分辨质谱，研究发现CPTA在罗非鱼组织主要发生I相代谢，鉴定出4种代谢产物，并推到了6条代谢路径，为阐明其生物富集机理提供基础数据。