华南典型流域新型双酚类污染物的环境归宿与生物富集和生物传递研究

Bisphenol analogues (BPs) other than bisphenol A (BPA) have been widely added in plastics, electronic products, textiles, and paper products as substitudes of BPA due to its confirmed toxicity. However, several emerging BPs have been revealed to have potentials of endocrine disruption and other toxicities. The BPs may enter the environment discarded products and wastewater, posing threats to health of ecosystem and human being. As a result, environmental fate and potential ecological risks of emerging BPs contaminants have attracted increasing attentions. In this project, occurrence of the emerging BPs contaminants will be comprehensively investigated in surface water, groundwater, sediment, soil, representative wastewater and sludge, and organisms in two typical drainage basins of the South China - the Pearl River Delta and Gongting Lake drainage basins to illustrated their spatial distributions and temporal trends in the environment. Stable isotopic fingerprinting and isotopic isoprime techniques will be adopted in combination with experiments of water leaching and sediment column and analysis data to better study sources, pathways to the environment, and environmental fate of the emerging BPs contaminants. Bioaccumulation of the BPs will be investigated according to biological properties of organisms and environmental factors in attempts to elucidate mechanisms of their bioaccumulation. Trophic and maternal transfer of the BP contaminants will also be investigated. The outcomes will provide scientific supports to regulations about disposal and discharge of toxic chemical-containing solid wastes and wastewater.

作为双酚A的替代品，新型双酚类化合物及衍生物（BPs）广泛添加于塑料制品、电子产品、织物、纸制品等，以改善产品性能。这些新型BPs可能随废弃的产品和污废水等进入环境，对生态和人类健康存在潜在威胁，其环境行为和生态健康风险已逐渐引起重视和关切。本项目拟以珠江三角洲流域和洞庭湖流域为基地，系统地分析新型BPs污染物在流域表层水、地下水、沉积物/沉积柱芯、土壤、生物以及代表性污/废水和污泥中的分布，研究新型BPs污染物在华南典型流域中的时空分布和演化趋势；结合稳定同位素与同位素异素体指纹技术和实验模拟，揭示新型BPs污染物进入环境和生态系统的途径；研究BPs污染物环境归宿，解析其环境持久性和迁移及影响机制；研究新型BPs污染物在生物中的富集规律及沿食物链传递和代际传递的潜力，探索影响其生物富集和传递的关键因素。项目研究结果可为严格有效地规范含化学品添加剂的固体废物处理以及污/废水的排放提供科学支持。

塑料污染已成为学界和政府关注的焦点之一，塑料相关化学品污染，特别是塑料添加剂类化学品污染须得到重视。双酚类（BPs）和有机磷酸酯类（OPPAs）化合物是使用最广的塑料添加剂之一。水体是塑料污染最重要的汇。本项目即以珠江河流系统和广东沿海为研究区，系统深入地研究了BPs和OPPAs在水生生态系统中的生物富集和传递。珠江7种野生淡水经济鱼种中BPs以BPA、BPF、和BPS为主，OPPAs分布广泛，以磷酸三(2-氯丙基)酯（TCPP）为最；针对35种脊椎动物（鱼、带鱼、海鳗）和19种无脊椎动物（虾、蟹、贝等）共54种野生海洋生物组织中BPs的分布发现，脊椎动物相对无脊椎动物更富集BPs；BPs和OPPAs在淡水及海水生物中的富集均表现出一定的种间差异以及性别差异；一般干季采集的生物样品中BPs和OPPAs较湿季样品高；BPs和OPPAs表现出中-低富集潜力；生物的习性和食性 - 包括食物组成和摄食方式，以及食物链营养级传递对于其对BPs和OPPAs污染物的环境暴露具有重要的影响，OPPAs的亲脂性在其生物富集中具有重要作用。总之，生物的生理学特征、污染物物理化学特性以及生态环境因素均可能影响BPs和OPPAs 的生物富集。野生水生生物生殖组织（卵和睾丸）中广泛存在BPs和OPPAs，表明这些污染可能发生代际传递，需引起重视。