复杂稀有金属伴生矿分离提取稀土和铌的冶金物理化学基础研究

The complex rare metal associated ores, widely distribute in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shanxi, Yunnan provinces and etc.. As the rare metals always disseminated with iron and gangue minerals tightly, and beneficiation methods are found impracticable to separate and enrich the rare metals effectively, so these resources have not been get full ultilization. This project will analyse the liberation characteristics of the complex rare metal associated ores systematically, and intend to propose the idea of regulation the physical and chemical properties of rare earth, niobium, iron and gangue minerals by using the synergistic effect of thermal field and chemical field for the first time. The chemical combination and reduction thermodynamic properties among the rare earth oxide, niobium oxide, iron oxide, aluminium oxide and silicon oxide under the activator action, and the reaction mechanism and the mineral component and construction transformation law of rare earth, niobium, iron and gangue minerals in the catalytic reduction process, and the decomposition, migration and grain growth law of different minerals in the reduction process are studied deeply. Then the separation behavior of rare earth and niobium of the complex rare metal associatied ore under the action of thermal chemical coplex field will be revealed, and the metallurgical physical and chemical basis of separation and extraction of rare earth and niobium by using thermo-chemistry recombination energy will be set up, which could enrich and perfect the basic theories system of the separation and extraction of the comlex rare metal assiciated ores. The novel method of separation and extration of comlex rare metal assiciated ores based on the catalytic reduction method will be formed,which could provide theoretical foundation and technical guidance for the comprehensive utilization of the comlex rare metal assiciated ores.

我国内蒙、新疆、山西、云南等地储有丰富的稀有金属伴生矿资源，矿石中稀有金属与铁及脉石矿物嵌布关系紧密，通过选矿方法难以分离和富集，迄今未得到开发利用。本项目在深入分析复杂稀有金属伴生矿解离特性的基础上，首次提出采用热场与化学场协同作用实现稀土、铌、铁及脉石矿物物理化学性能调控的技术思想，通过深入研究催化剂作用下稀土、铌、铁、铝、硅氧化物化合、还原的热力学特性，催化还原过程稀土、铌、铁及脉石矿物的反应历程和矿物组分结构变化规律，还原过程各矿物分解、迁移、晶粒长大规律，揭示热化学复合场作用下复杂稀有金属矿稀土和铌的分离行为，建立热化学复合能分离提取稀土和铌的冶金物理化学基础，丰富和完善我国复杂稀有金属伴生矿资源分离提取的基础理论体系，形成基于催化还原法的复杂稀有金属伴生矿分离提取稀土和铌的新方法，为储量丰富的复杂稀有金属伴生矿资源综合利用提供理论基础和技术指导。

我国内蒙、新疆、山西、云南等地储有丰富的稀有金属伴生矿资源，该类资源禀赋差、性质复杂，矿石中稀有金属与铁及脉石矿物嵌布关系紧密，通过选矿方法难以分离和富集，加上缺乏有效的基础理论支撑，这类资源迄今未得到开发利用。为丰富和完善我国复杂稀有金属伴生矿资源分离提取的基础理论体系，形成资源高效分离、绿色提取和高值化利用的新方法，本项目系统研究了复杂稀有金属伴生矿的主要物化性能、矿物组成、主要矿物赋存状态及嵌布特征，并对添加剂作用下稀土、铌、铁、铝、硅氧化物的还原热力学特性及还原过程稀土、铌、铁及脉石矿物性能变化规律进行了深入研究。阐明了稀土、铌、铁、铝、硅氧化物催化还原过程的反应热力学特性，得到了各反应的发生条件，为添加剂的遴选提供了依据；查明了稀土、铌矿物与铁及脉石矿物在催化还原过程的矿物性能变化规律及晶粒迁移、长大规律，揭示了稀土、铌矿物与铁及脉石矿物在催化还原过程的分离行为。以REO含量0.28%，Nb2O5含量0.24%，TFe含量5.72%的复杂稀土、铌伴生稀有金属矿为原料，开发了基于催化还原法的“粗选预富集-还原脱铁-湿法分离提取稀土和铌”的选冶联合新方法，全流程试验获得TFe 含量92.19%的还原铁粉、REO含量92.33%的稀土氧化物和Nb2O5含量30.62%的氧化铌精矿，为复杂稀土、铌伴生稀有金属矿的综合利用提供了理论基础和技术指导。