共享车辆基地的城市轨道交通系统车底资源协同调度优化策略研究

Many cities’ urban rail transit systems have been networking. The train depot covers a huge area, and the purchase cost of metro trains are very high. The existing single-line construction model can not meet the network operation requirements. Previous studies mainly focus on rolling stock scheduling of single line, regardless of the possibility to share resources such as train depots and trains. In this study, a multi-layer network model to analyze the influence mechanism of typical train depot layout will be built. Combined with the typical form of train depot and passenger flow characteristics, a multi-line rolling stock scheduling coordinated utilization optimization model will be constructed when the shared train depot bases at the end of the lines. And an integrated optimization method of multi-line timetable and rolling stock scheduling will be established when the shared train depot bases at the middle of the lines. This study aims to reveal the mechanism of shared depot to multi-line trains cooperative scheduling, propose an implementable optimization strategy for multi-line train resource cooperative dispatch, which is helpful to improve the operating efficiency and sustainable development ability of urban rail transit system.

我国城市轨道交通建设已进入网络化时代，而车辆基地占地面积巨大，车底资源购置成本极高，既有的单线建设模式不能满足网络化运营要求。既有的车底运用优化研究对象多限于单条线路，对网络条件下如何实现资源共享考虑不够充分，成为制约其成果应用的主要瓶颈。本项目将构建多层有权有向网络模型以剖析典型车辆基地布局对多线耦合车底运行行为的影响机理；结合典型共用车辆基地布局形式和客流特性，构建线路末端共用车辆基地的多线耦合车底资源协同运用优化模型与算法研究，和线路中端共用车辆基地的多线时刻表与车底运用整合优化方法。本项目旨在揭示共用车辆基地对多线车底运行行为的影响机理，从资源共享角度提出具有可实施性的多线车底资源协同调度优化策略，为提高城市轨道交通系统运行效率和可持续发展能力、实现网络化建设到网络化运营提供方法依据。

基于实际案例数据，提出了用于多线车底运用行为的分析框架，建立了多层轨道交通网络模型；调研了车辆基地共用类型，建立了基于车辆基地共享的车底资源协同调度优化模型，提出改进蚁群算法进行求解；采用城市轨道交通实际运营数据验证了本项目模型与算法的效果；将车辆基地的维修资源共用纳入考虑范畴，提出了共享车辆基地下车底运用与检修计划的协同优化模型，设计启发式算法进行求解，案例分析表明采用车底运用计划与检修计划联合编制可同时减少所需车底数及总运营成本。本项目的研究结果揭示了共享车辆基地对多线车底运行行为的影响机理，为未来研究轨道交通网络化协同运输系统、提升交通行业效率提供了方法依据。