跨国精英移民“家”的实践与空间政治——以珠三角为例

Transnational elite migrants (TEMs), most of whom are professionals or corporate executives, have already become a key subject in cultural geography. These migrants are a significant component of globalization. Nevertheless, limited attention is paid to TEMs in mainland China, though scholars have analyzed floating population, i.e., those who migrate from villages to cities, for decades. In China, TEMs live with a paradoxical condition. They become institutional other， but receive supra-national treatment in China. How they construct their home and practice home life within a multiscalar context is a crucial academic question with policy implications. This project chooses cities in the Pearl River Delta, a region that hosts hundreds of thousands of TEMs, as a study case. These cities are classified into three categories—inter-city home, cross-city home, and cross-border home—in terms of the dynamic relationship between working space and living space. Furthermore, a conceptual framework is proposed that includes material, emotion, and power to analyze the spatial politics of home making and the multiplicity of emotion embodied in the process of home practice. The spatiality of home making is built upon three interrelated spaces: residential space, urban space, and transnational space. Main analytical methods include spatial analysis, comparative studies, text and discourse analysis, psychoanalysis and scenario analysis. The key research questions are as follow: how to understand the cultural meaning and symbolic value embodied in TEMs’ home? How do TEMs construct, practice, and negotiate the relationship of multiscalar homes? How to understand and interpret the power relations in the process of home practices? How to foster a dynamic and functional mechanism among the state, society, and migrants in order to stimulate TEMs to permanently reside in China? This project can enrich the cultural geography of home and the literature on transnational migration, and help the construction of think tanks addressing China’s transnational migration policies.

文化地理学者近年来关注全球化背景下跨国精英移民“家”的实践，但对在华跨国精英移民的相关研究比较缺乏。这类移民在中国大陆游离于“制度性他者”与“超国民待遇”的矛盾当中，如何跨尺度地建构“家”实现“永久居留”是现实问题也是学术问题。项目选择外籍移民最多的珠三角为案例地，按照工作空间与生活空间的关系，将研究对象分为同城建构家、跨城建构家、跨境建构家三种，提出“家”的物质、情感与权力三要素概念框架，采用空间模拟、比较分析、文本与话语、精神与情景等多元分析方法，从住宅空间、城市空间与跨国空间分析“家”实践中的空间政治与多元情感，重点探讨跨国精英移民“家”的内涵与外延、“家”在不同尺度之间的实践与协商、“家”的实践所表征的权力关系，以期形成政府、社会与移民的互动机制促成跨国精英移民在华“永久居留”。项目从权力维度与尺度转换的视角完善了家的地理学理论，也为中国制定更为科学合理的移民管制政策提供决策参考。

项目的理论研究背景是跨国精英移民“家”的实践成为近年来文化地理学者关注的热点；实践背景是由于跨国精英移民一直游走于“老外”和“新居民”的双重身份之间，徘徊于“居留”和“疏离”，难以真正实现人才强国战略。.首先对家的地理学、日常生活地理学、关系地理学等进行了梳理，基本形成项目的基础理论知识体系；进而建构了“家”的物质、情感与权力三要素维度，以及流动性、日常生活与家三位一体的概念分析框架；还从融入与退出的中间状态提出了跨国移民“临时家”的概念。.其次选择珠三角跨国精英移民比较集聚的城市作为案例地，围绕已有的理论框架进行了实证研究，重要的结果：（1）宏观方面，从移民数量、移民来源地、移民在迁入地的空间集聚以及移民类型等方面分析了广州跨国移民的时空分布特征，进而从国内外经济环境、国家及地方移民政策以及社会文化的隐性力量等方面阐述了其地方影响机制。（2）跨国精英移民的日常生活与家的营造关系。把家的地理学概念异质化，异质化为根植性的家、扎根的家、和世界主义者的家，展演了三种不同类型的跨国精英移民其日常生活是如何受到或者何种程度上受到流动性的影响，进而在迁入地重构了何种特征的家，“重构的家”又是如何影响着这三种不同类型的跨国精英移民对于家的感知和意义解读。（3）对具体的移民类型进行了实证分析。如对跨国旅游移民的研究，发现除了物质、情感和权利之外，“想象”成为“家”的维度之一；如对高星级酒店外籍管理者的研究，发现跨国移民家的建构主要受到职业身份的影响；如对法系群体跨国移民的研究发现，语言成为影响其在迁入地建构家的最重要的因素之一，也从侧面提醒，“英语世界主导的全球化”向“面向多元文化服务的全球化”的转型过程中，为来自非英语国家的移民提供更贴切的生产和生活服务，是学界和社会未来需要共同探索的方向。