世界城市的跨国移民社会融合研究——以中国广州为例

Since the new millennium, the role of Chinese cities in World City system has been remarkably increasing along with the process of globalization in urban China. Against this context, more and more transnational immigrants work and live in China’s World Cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou (ranked Top 50 in the World City System). They are inclined to concentrate in some specific urban areas, producing segregated immigrants’ neighborhoods; and even, this social-spatial segregation results in serious conflicts between immigrants and natives. Immigrants’ social integration thereby becomes a hot topic, with both scientific relevance and social implication. In the literature, existing studies have outlined three pieces of paradoxes in social integration: the complex of social integration vs. its uniformed measurement, immigrants’ frequent mobility in the globalization era vs. their groundedness in daily life, and the regulation of the government on immigrants’ neighborhood vs. immigrants’ spatial practice in the neighborhood. Coping with these three problems, this project tends to revisit the meaning of social integration, its mechanism of and the spatial outcomes of social integration, by employing the empirical studies of typical transnational immigrants’ neighborhoods in Guangzhou. The emphasis is on the perspective of immigrants’ social integration through their daily-life activities, with quantitative modeling, qualitative methods and daily-activity mapping. More specifically, it proposes three major questions: first, how to measure the different scales (agglomeration-level and individual-level) and different dimensions of immigrants’ integration (functional, cultural, economic, psychological), and what are the determinants; second, what are the effects of immigrants’ daily life activities on their social integration in the neighborhood, and what is the dynamics; third, in the process of social integration, how do immigrants produce the urban space of the neighborhood, and what are the spatial outcomes. Based on these three theoretical issues, this project plans to outline China’s approach for the integration of transnational immigrants, and also to provide the municipal government with the policy implication of immigrants’ neighborhood governance.

新千年来，中国城市全球化进程加速。北上广跻身世界城市体系排名前50位，吸引了越来越多的跨国移民前来就业、生活，在城市内部形成了移民集聚区与社会空间分异现象，甚至引发了移民与本地社会的冲突。移民融合因此成为现实热点，而现有研究揭示出三对矛盾：融合的复杂性与可测度性之间的矛盾；跨国移民的高流动性与日常生活的在地性之间的矛盾；移民社区管控与移民社区塑造之间的矛盾。针对这些矛盾，本项目以广州典型跨国移民社区为案例，基于移民个人日常行为实践，采用定量模型和质性研究方法，重新解读社会融合的内涵、机制和空间效应。首先，选择多尺度（族群/个人）和多维度（功能/文化/空间等）的分析框架，测算移民融合程度；其次，系统分析移民的社区日常生活，诠释日常行为对融合的作用机制；再次，在融合过程中，探讨跨国移民对社区空间的塑造效应。通过理论探索，本项目拟揭示出跨国移民融合的可行路径，为城市政府的移民管治提供政策参考。

新千年来，中国城市全球化进程加速。北京、上海、广州跻身世界城市体系排名前50位，吸引了越来越多的跨国移民前来就业、生活。这在城市内部形成了移民集聚区与社会空间分异现象，甚至引发了移民与本地社会的冲突。针对跨国移民的社会融合问题，本项目通过文献综述，揭示出现有研究中的三对矛盾：融合的复杂性与可测度性之间的矛盾；跨国移民的高流动性与日常生活的在地性之间的矛盾；移民社区管控与移民社区塑造之间的矛盾。.为应对这些矛盾，本项目以广州等城市为案例，基于移民个人日常行为实践，采用定量模型和质性研究相结合的方法，重新解读社会融合的内涵、机制和空间效应。实证研究发现：（1）广州市本地居民对跨国移民的社会包容度较低，尤其是对于非洲移民，且存在明显的空间分异。（2）移民群体的地方依恋程度较弱，并且容易受到社区邻里信任和社区满意度的影响。（3）移民群体参与社区活动的程度较低，无论是实际参与行为还是未来愿望，主要因为移民群体缺乏社会参与的正向反馈。（4）与广州相比，德国柏林的跨国移民融合程度更高，并且在融合过程中，其族裔经济发挥的作用更加明显。（5）对于广州的穆斯林跨国移民来说，社区日常生活场所为他们创造具有熟悉感和归属感的空间，对他们社会融合起到了关键作用。（6）以广州相比，上海的日本移民在当地的社会融合程度在不断提高，因为中国回流人员在日本移民与本地居民之间发挥着重要的桥梁作用。（7）广州的非洲移民逐渐向外转移，族裔集聚区正在消失，但非洲族裔仍在族裔飞地中进行社会经济活动，且以当地居民的社会融合程度较高。（8）对于东南亚旅居者来说，其对于广州的地方感和社会融入程度较高，并且认同广州的包容性的地方文化。（9）在新型冠状肺炎疫情期间，滞留在阳朔的欧美移民通过微信群等社交网络分享疫情信息并相互提供帮助，甚至实现了一定程度的社会融合。.本项目资助共发表学术论文16篇（其中SCI/SSCI期刊论文10篇），超出目标计划要求。