低温环境下高速列车制动摩擦性能与失效机制研究

The high-speed train in China often operates the special service environment of high-frigid. The braking friction pair as an open system, its service reliability directly influences the safety of high-speed train. Firstly, the dynamic damage behaviors of high-speed train braking materials under low temperature service environment would be investigated by means of high-speed friction braking experiments and theoretical simulation analysis. The effect of low temperature and braking operation parameters on the friction performance and microstructure evolution law of braking materials would be studied and explored. Moreover, the effect mechanism and law of the effect of low temperature environment on the damage and crack growth evolution behaviors of braking materials would be clarified. Secondly, the characteristics and laws of chatter behavior in the process of high-speed braking interface would be studied. Moreover, the effect of chatter behavior on friction performance and dynamic damage mechanism of braking materials under the low temperature service environment would be revealed. Finally, the crack formation and propagation mechanism of braking materials under the action of engine coupling at low temperature would be analyzed using the braking physical field model and crack propagation model combined experimental results. The failure mechanism and rule of high-speed braking materials under low temperature condition would be analyzed and revealed. Furthermore, the prevention and mitigation measures for the damage and failure of braking materials under the low temperature environment would be proposed. The research results can provide significant theoretical support and technical guidance for ensuring the safe operation and reliable service of China high-speed train under the high-frigid environment.

我国高速列车常服役于高寒等特殊环境下，制动摩擦副作为一个开放的系统，其高寒环境下的服役可靠性直接影响高速列车的运行安全。项目通过高速摩擦制动实验并结合理论仿真分析，首先，研究低温服役环境下高速列车制动材料的动态损伤行为，探明低温环境与制动运行参数对制动材料摩擦性能与微观组织结构演变的影响，阐明低温环境对制动材料损伤与裂纹扩展演变行为的影响机制及规律；其次，研究高速制动过程中界面颤振行为特性与规律，阐明低温环境下颤振行为对高速制动材料摩擦性能与动态损伤机制的影响；最后，建立高速制动物理场模型与裂纹扩展模型，结合实验结果分析低温环境热机耦合作用下制动材料热裂纹形成与扩展机理，阐明低温环境下高速制动材料失效机制与规律，提出预防和减缓低温服役环境下高速制动材料损伤与失效的有效方法与措施。项目研究成果可为保障我国高寒环境下高速列车安全运行和可靠服役提供重要的理论支撑和技术指导。

本项目针对高寒地区高速列车等极端制动工况，基于摩擦磨损及制动行为理论数据，揭示了极端低温制动工况下摩擦材料的摩擦失效机理，研究结果可为高铁安全运行提供重要理论基础、为高性能制动摩擦材料的研制提供有益技术指导。首先，通过开展不同环境温度下高铁制动盘/闸片摩擦磨损实验和微观分析，揭示了低温环境制动过程中制动材料摩擦磨损及损伤机理；其次，开展了低温环境下制动参数对制动行为影响的实验研究，掌握了制动材料在低温多种制动工况下的制动行为规律；建立了制动材料的温度场模型，从温度云图、温升等角度揭示了低温制动过程对制动材料损伤及制动机制影响，并通过实验进行了验证；基于制动材料力学及热力学性能分析，研究了制动盘材料疲劳裂纹扩展规律，分析了制动材料在裂纹扩展方面的低温效应。从摩擦学、材料学等基本原理出发，揭示了低温环境多种制动工况下摩擦材料的摩擦失效机理。研究成果具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值，不仅丰富了低温高铁制动材料的理论基础，还为新型制动摩擦材料的研发提供了理论依据和技术指导。