基于结构逻辑的建筑形式生成方法研究

This program integrates the roles of structural discipline in architecture in light of the long-standing phenomenon that the structural issues are ignored and misread in architectural design and also the resulting phenomenon of resource wastage, and attempts to break down the barriers between disciplines, and reinforce the rational foundation for architectural design. Firstly, the architectural history after the industrial revolution with structural technology as the main line is combed through study, and the correlation between the development of structure technology and the evolution of architectural forms is summarized to find the basic structural prototype. Secondly, the appropriate graphical languages understandable by architects are used to set up a set of database of models in the form of system analysis structure from aspects of proportion scale, modulus, stress cloud, construction, and engineering cost, enriching the architect modeling language. Finally, the secondary development of finite element software is carried out to achieve the continuous modeling between the variation in architectural form and the structural calculation, identify the optimal analytic method, and guide and regulate the generation of architectural forms in the scheme stage, thereby avoiding occurrence of conflicting and confusing construction behaviors in the later period. The top-level objective of this program is to achieve the architecture-structure integration, and expand the structure-aided architectural design, break away from the traditional design mode of structure control starting from priori form, and tap the creative potential for the existence of law of change for internal structure. Become the structure into a kind of stimulating force for architectural innovation.

本项目针对建筑设计中长期存在的结构问题被忽视和误读的现象，针对由此产生的资源浪费的现象，整合结构专业在建筑中所起的作用，尝试打破学科之间的壁垒，夯实建筑设计的理性基础。研究首先以结构技术为主线对工业革命以后的建筑史进行梳理，总结结构技术发展与建筑形式演变的相互关联，找到基本的结构原型。其次采用适合建筑师理解的图示化语言，从比例尺度、模数、应力云图、建造、工程造价等方面建立一套系统分析结构形式模型的数据库，丰富建筑师造型语言。最后通过对有限元软件的二次开发，实现建筑形式变化与结构计算之间的连续模拟，找到最适化的解析方式，指导和规范方案阶段的建筑形式生成，避免后期矛盾混乱的建造行为的发生。本项目的高级目标是实现结构建筑一体化，拓展结构辅助建筑设计方法，摆脱传统的从先验的形体出发控制结构的设计模式，发展结构内部变化规律存在的创造性潜力，让结构成为建筑学创新的一种促发力量。

随着交叉学科对建筑领域的影响，当代建筑呈现出复杂性、多样性和不确定性等特征，基于这样的背景本项目从整合思维出发，采用跨学科方法和性能化技术策略，主要从基于结构逻辑的形式生成的历史发展脉络、生成思维、生成方法以及应用策略四个层面进行了全面的研究，主要内容包括研究了工业革命以后以结构技术为线索的建筑史；梳理了20世纪以来基于结构逻辑的建筑生成方法的理论；建立了图示化的结构形式信息模型系统分析数据库框架，并填充了57个典型案例和14个参数化模型；系统归纳了基于结构逻辑的建筑生成方法，并对具体的方法应用建模分析和总结，验证生成方法的可操作性和可靠性。最后进行了基于Grasshopper和Karamba3D的简化应力迹线的软件开发工作。本项目研究为后续基于结构逻辑的建筑设计理论研究和实践创作明确了方向。本项目同时将研究成果应用于轻型结构的创造，并申请了8项专利，在国家精细化发展和集约型社会建构的目标下，轻型结构的发展前景比较可观。