基于结构分析的建筑形态生成研究

Architectural form design is a multi-objective problem. It should meet the requirement of building functions and spatial aesthetics, at the same time, it is greatly restricted and influenced by the factor of structural rationality. In archiectural design practice, the profession of architecture and structural engineering are greatly different from each other in the respects of problem definition, way of thinking, and evaluation criteria, which results in that the objectives of the two professions become restrictions to each other, and astrict the the architectural creation, and may cause safety riskes and huge wastes. This research proposed a free architectural form generation system for architects, which allows architectural spatial forms to be evolved under the criteria of the architect's intuitive and aesthetic evaluation, and also the structural analysis by computers. It is expected the system can find architectural spatial forms that is sturcturally efficient and good at aesthetic sensations...In the modeling environment of state-of-the-art 3D software, incorporating structural form optimization by computers, the research will explore the way of human-computer interactions and methods of evolutionary process control in the bi-objective optimization problem, in order to construct a generation system that could assist architects in free spacial form creation. It is expected the system will effectively support architects in design, at the same reduce the safty risks, irrationalities and waste in architecture structural design, and promote the development of national economy and that of the architectural culture.

建筑形态设计是一个多目标问题，在满足建筑功能和空间形态审美需求的同时，也受到结构合理性的重大制约和影响。然而一直以来，由于建筑设计与结构工程面对的问题、思维方式、评价体系均不同，使得这两个专业的设计目标之间形成相互的制约，既束缚了建筑创作，也会造成结构安全隐患和巨大浪费。本研究提出一种面向建筑师的自由形式建筑形态生成研究，让建筑空间形态在建筑师的直觉和感性评价、以及计算机内的结构分析的共同作用下逐步演化，帮助建筑师找到既具有艺术表现力，又具有结构合理性的多样化的建筑形态设计结果。.本项目将在常用三维软件提供的建模环境中，结合结构形态优化计算，探索人机交互的二目标优化问题中的人机交互途径和演化过程控制方法，形成辅助建筑师创作的自由形式建筑形态生成系统。该方法将在对建筑师的创作过程形成有力支持的同时，有效减少建筑结构设计中的安全隐患和不合理想象，减少浪费，促进国民经济和建筑文化的发展。

本课题旨在探索建筑、结构一体化的空间形态设计生成方法。原定技术路线是基于BESO等有限元渐进形态优化方法，结合建筑设计的需求，综合生成结构合理、空间满足功能要求、形态优美的设计方案。.在课题研究期间，开展了多方面的研究与实践，包括对基础工具的考察与交流，对空间形态生成方法、力学模拟方法的研究与开发，以及实验性建造等内容。研究内容从原计划的基于BESO方法的交互式过程，发展为形态与建造可能性更多元，结构上更合理，建造方法也更便捷的“编织结构”。最终，课题建立了基于计算机算法的建筑、结构一体化的“编织结构”体系的设计、生成方法，以及数控建造方法体系。