鱼类“个性”分化研究-代谢限制及生态关联的环境依赖性

The consistent individual behavior difference, i.e. animal "personality" is involved in evolution of collective corporation and the responses and consequences of population to environmental change, therefore, has important ecological and evolutionary significances. However, the mechanism of development and maintenance of personality remain largely unknown. Here, I put forward the hypothesis of "energetic metabolism shaped animal personality evolution", i.e. the development and maintenance of personality is closely related to the constraints of metabolism on physiological performances, whereas the coexistence of different personality type is relied on "allocation trade-off" and "resources acquisition trade-off" which convert the ecological benefits and costs of alternative personality type among habitats with varied food resources and predation stress during long-term evolution. To test the hypothesis, pale chub (Zacco platypus) is selected as experimental model, the relationship and interaction effect among metabolism, physiological performance, personality and life history traits within population from habitats with different food availability and predation intensity (and also different artificial environmental regimes) are planed to revealed. The planed project will give birth to great theory breakthrough by revealing physiological and evolutionary mechanisms involved in development and maintenance of animal personality within the energetic framework, as well as by explaining the evolutionary mechanism of variation in energy metabolism. Furthermore, the planed project will also has great practical implication in fish species conservation.

动物"个性"，即稳定的个体间行为差异在动物集体协作的进化和应对环境变化上起着关键作用，具有重要的生态和进化意义。目前个性产生和维持的机制尚存在较大争议。申请者结合自己和他人的研究成果及相关理论，提出“能量代谢介导的个性进化”假说：种群内个性特征的产生和维持取决于能量代谢对生理性能的限制，而个性的共存由进化历程中不同环境下“分配权衡”和“资源获取-生存风险权衡”介导的生态收益和代价转换来保障。为验证该假说，申请者以宽鳍鱲（Zacco platypus）为实验对象，选取不同食物资源和捕食风险的典型生境，并在实验室建立相应的环境体系，进行能量代谢、生理性状、个性特征和生活史参数间关联及交互作用分析。研究不仅有助于深入理解个性产生和共存的生理和进化机制，还可能推进对机体能量代谢变异现象的进化机理的探讨，具有重要的理论意义。而个性行为的研究还可能为鱼类物种保护提供重要的参考，具有巨大的应用价值。

动物个体间稳定的行为差异（即个性）在动物集体协作的进化上起着关键作用，其产生和维持机制的探讨具有重要理论意义。本项目利用乌江流域复杂的生境条件并结合室内人工操纵食物资源和捕食压力，以宽鳍鱲（Zacco platypus）为实验对象，选取不同的野外典型生境，并在实验室建立相应的环境体系，进行能量代谢、生理性状、个性特征和生活史参数间关联及交互作用分析。研究主要成果包括：(1)发现了鱼类个性特征与能量代谢特征的关联，探讨了维持特定个性特征生态收益和代价的环境依赖性，进而揭示了鱼类个性分化和维持的能量学机制；(2)发现了群体成员不同的个性特征对群体特征影响机制不同，某些特征在集群时相互抵消在群体水平体现出平均水平，而另一些特征在群体水平可能由少数极端个体决定。据此指出群体成员间个性的差异及其决定机制的多样性为自然界鱼群展现出复杂多变的群体行为，以完成不同的生态功能具有重要意义；(3)发现鱼类能够通过种间、种内合作提高认知能力，产生集体智慧，但同种合作主要通过精英决策体现，而异种合作可能通过民主决策完成。研究不仅产生了具有重要理论价值的成果，还为渔业资源保护和合理开发利用提供参考。研究发表论文10余篇（其中SCI收录6篇），授权发明专利2项，培养博士研究生1名，硕士研究生4名。举办全国性会议1次。