深部开采隐伏断层活化失稳诱发煤与瓦斯突出灾害演化机理研究

Among all kinds of mine disasters in China, coal and gas burst is the one which occurs frequently, kills the most miners once and leads to the huge economic losses, including 30-40 percent of the disasters caused by the buried fault. The micro-rupture is considered to be the precursor characteristics of coal and gas outburst disasters in the process of mining coal. The application project studies the mechanism of coal and gas outburst disasters caused by the process of buried fault activation disturbed by the stress of mining. Through the combining the methods of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, similar simulation test, field test, etc., the key causes of buried fault activation and instability are analyzed, and the fracture, the stress and displacement field evolution of rock mass disturbed by mining and excavation engineering are also explored, so the precursor modes are acquired. The stress build up, stress release and stress transference in the concealed minor fault activation induced by the mining are studied thinking the different rock mechanical properties and ground stress conditions. The intrinsic reasons and precursor laws of coal and gas outburst evolution are revealed. With regard to gas outburst disaster risk, the key exploration theory and method, evolution index system and evolution method are probed, and then the risk degree is calculated and evaluated according different areas.

煤与瓦斯突出灾害是我国矿业各类灾害中发生频率高和破坏性极大的煤矿灾害，其中 30-40%的突出灾害与隐伏断层有关。本项目基于煤炭开采过程中的微破裂是煤与瓦斯突出灾害前兆特征的基本认识，针对深部开采应力扰动诱发隐伏断层活化过程导致煤与瓦斯突出灾害的复杂性，通过理论分析、相似材料模拟实验、数值模拟和现场测试相结合的手段，分析隐伏断层活化失稳的关键致灾因素，研究采动岩体裂隙场及应力位移场演化规律、煤与瓦斯突出前兆模式和诱发灾害发生的主要影响因素；研究不同煤岩体力学性质、不同煤岩赋存条件下隐伏断层采动活化过程中的应力积累、应力释放和应力迁移等现象及规律，揭示隐伏断层活化诱致煤与瓦斯突出动力灾害孕育的内在动因。该成果可以对煤与瓦斯突出灾害进行风险程度分区量化评估，促进矿业安全高效可持续开采。

煤与瓦斯突出灾害是我国矿业各类灾害中发生频率高和破坏性极大的煤矿灾害，其中30-40%的突出灾害与隐伏断层有关。本项目基于煤炭开采过程中的微破裂是煤与瓦斯突出灾害前兆特征的基本认识，针对深部开采应力扰动诱发隐伏断层活化过程导致煤与瓦斯突出灾害的复杂性，通过统计分析、岩石力学试验、数值模拟和理论研究相结合的方法，归纳总结了控制断层活化的因素，分析了断层活化的力学机制，提出了断层活化的模式，得到了采动条件下断层活化应力-裂隙-瓦斯运移规律；针对现代应力作用下断层对瓦斯赋存及突出的控制作用分析，活动造成瓦斯突出条带性分布的关键影响因素，揭示了采动断层活化诱发瓦斯突出机制及前兆信息。.从采动诱发煤岩地质环境劣化及其相关微震活动性入手，研究地质环境劣化中的微破裂和应力场变化与常规煤与瓦斯突出预测预报指标的关系，采取对比分析的方法，通过微震监测技术与应力场分布大规模科学计算技术的集成，形成微震数据现场24小时连续采集、集中分析系统，以微震监测为主、应力场分析为辅，从开采应力扰动诱发地质环境劣化过程灾变导致动力灾害发生的本质出发，以微震监测和大规模科学计算技术为手段，地质环境劣化过程中的气、固多场耦合理论分析为基础，揭示动力灾害孕育的内在动因和前兆规律，通过微震探测采动覆岩裂隙发育高度和范围，从而确定瓦斯富集区，进一步优化瓦斯抽采工程设计；通过微震探测技术，提前探明隐伏断层（构造异常区）位置实现现了掘进巷道前方不良瓦斯地质体及时预警，为掘进过程制定消突措施提供了可靠的设计依据。.研究成果为煤矿动力灾害的实时预报奠定理论基础该成果可以对煤与瓦斯突出灾害进行风险程度分区量化评估，项目研究成果对于建立并完善瓦斯突出动力灾害预报预警体系，促进煤矿安全高效开采具有重要意义。