基于变胞原理的AT自动变速箱换挡变拓扑动力学建模方法研究

The present researches of automatic transmission shift dynamics are mutually independent and essentially qualitative. It is quite difficult to characterize the dynamics behaviors of vehicle transmission shift systematically, integrally and quantitatively. The research subject is to study the dynamics characteristics of automatic transmission shift deeply to break through the limit of the present research contents and modeling methods based on the metamorphic theory. Firstly, the automatic transmission is gradually disassembled to hierarchical models (mechanism system, kinematic chain, part assembly, component and kinematic pair) according to the TRIZ theory. The stable condition of transmission system is described as the topology mechanism based on the Su-field models of each hierarchical model. Meanwhile, the dynamics model of transmission stable condition is deduced according to the Lagrange formula. Secondly, metamorphic route and metamorphic form of transmission shift are presented. The matrix method is adopted to deduce the general metamorphic matrix and metamorphic equation of each metamorphic form aimed at transmission shift. The nonlinear parameters and their variation regulation of gear pair and wet clutch are analyzed during the shift process. According to the effect matching in the mechanisms theory and dynamics, the nonlinear mechanism models of gear pair and wet clutch are both established. Thirdly, the stable conditions of transmission, which constitutes of components and constraints, are described in topology mechanisms and dynamics. The metamorphic original mechanism of transmission shift system is constructed based on the solution method of contradictions in TRIZ theory. The set theory and screw theory are both adopted to deduce the adjacent matrix of the metamorphic original mechanism. Therefore, the metamorphic function and metamorphic matrix of vehicle shift are established. The dynamics model of vehicle shift is also deduced based on the Lagrange formula. And the dynamics equation is solved with the numerical method. Shift dynamic characteristics and main influence factors are quantitatively analyzed by simulation and test eventually. The studied results can offer the theory and technology support for the study of shift quality, dynamic strength design and vehicle comfort.

针对系统化、整体化和数值化描述自动变速箱换挡动力学特性较难的问题，采用变胞原理，建立换挡动力学模型，深入研究换挡动力学特性，突破现有换挡动力学模型在研究内容和建模方法上的限制：基于TRIZ理论，逐级分解传动系统，拓扑描述基于系统级、运动链级、部件级和构件/运动副元素级物-场模型的传动系统稳态工况，推导稳态工况的动力学方程；提出车辆换挡变胞途径和变胞方式，采用矩阵法推导换挡变胞方式的通用变胞函数和变胞矩阵，分析换挡中齿轮和离合器非线性参数及变化规律，通过效应匹配，建立啮合齿轮和离合器的机理模型；基于TRIZ理论的冲突问题解决方法，构建换挡胞源机构，采用集合论和旋量理论，推导换挡胞源机构的邻接矩阵，建立车辆换挡的变胞函数和变胞矩阵，结合拉格朗日方法推导换挡的动力学方程并数值求解；试验验证和研究换挡动力学特性，定量分析换挡动力学行为，为换挡品质、传动系统动强度和整车舒适性研究奠定理论和技术基础。

针对系统化、整体化和数值化描述自动变速器不同工况的动力学特性较难的问题，采用变胞原理和图论，建立相关动力学模型，突破现有自动变速器动力学模型在研究内容和建模方法上的限制。采用有限元和试验方法探明箱体的弹性特征，提出变速器动力学耦合的方法，建立包含弹性箱体的变速器动力学耦合模型，仿真研究稳态工况下变速器箱体的变形以及箱体变形状态下齿轮轴系动态特性的变化。提出履带车辆动力传动系统路面扭转随机激励的计算方法，建立耦合扭转随机激励的车辆动力传动系统动态分析模型，仿真研究扭转随机激励对轴承支反力、传动轴加速度响应、传动轴动应力等动态特性的影响。分析变速箱箱体振动的内外部多源激励的产生机理，探明箱体振动的传递路径，采用Galerkin法和哈密顿变分原理，建立考虑油液的多元边界条件下的变速箱箱体流固耦合有限元模型，仿真研究激励条件、箱体内油液高度以及加筋方式对箱体表面振动响应的影响。基于图论理论，建立相对转速意义下的AT拓扑图论模型和换挡变拓扑图论模型，数学描述换挡过程，判别不同挡位的拓扑特性，并建立绝对转速意义下的行星齿轮机构系统图论模型，定义图论模型拓扑变换的数学规则，提出行星齿轮机构传动特性分析方法。解析变速箱的构件、连接、关联关系、不变运动链、可变运动链等集合论的概念及其相互关系，探明换挡的机构学本质，提出换挡过程等效为变胞器的图形描述方法；基于物-场理论，建立AT变速箱元素级、运动链级和机构级多层次的物-场拓扑模型，揭示AT变速箱物-场变拓扑模型的建模规律。定义湿式换挡离合器摩擦对偶片各构态的约束函数，建立摩擦对偶片变胞器，提出湿式换挡离合器变胞的图形描述方法；采用矩阵分析法，以约束函数为元素，推导离合器各构态的邻接矩阵，解析相邻构态转换时对应的变胞函数和变胞方程，构建湿式换挡离合器工作的变胞拓扑模型，揭示换挡离合器工作状态转换的变胞机理；基于变胞机理分析，提出更直观和简便的离合器动力学建模方法。