基于金属纳米颗粒的功能导电墨水及其应用研究

It is expensive and complicated to fabricate electronic device using traditional methods, such as etching, most of the raw materials was wasted, the possible choice of the substrate was limited. Recently the requirement of miniature, flexible, wearable electronic devices has made great progress in printed electronics technology. The key to printing electronic technology is the preparation of conductive ink. Conductive ink requires stable, uniform, printable, low post-processing temperature, and can be adapted to different substrates. At present, the conductive ink containing metal nanoparticles is generally a single material, a single size, a single function. Gold, silver and other precious metals made conductive ink a high cost. However, copper nanoparticles are easy to be oxidized, and thus affect the stability of conductive ink. Based on the previous works about the synthesis of the monodisperse (<6%) ultrafine (4-8nm) metal nanoparticles, a new strategy was proposed to prepare stable, uniform, cheap, printable, environment-friendly, functional, and conductive inks. Through adjusting the composition and size of the main and additive metal nanoparticles in the conductive ink, to reduce the costs, increase the stability, improve the conductivity, reduce the post-processing temperature, to achieve multi-functions and so on. The conductive inks will be characterized in order to understand the effects of the composition, size, additive type, dosage, ink viscosity, density, and surface tension on the sintering kinetics during the curing process of the printing pattern. Finally, the conductive inks will be used to print surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates.

传统的电子器件制备方法如蚀刻等，存在设备昂贵、过程复杂、原材料浪费、衬底受限等问题，而电子器件小型化、柔性化、可穿戴的发展趋势，促进了印刷电子技术的进步，其关键则在于导电墨水的制备。目前金属纳米颗粒导电墨水一般有单一金属、单一尺寸、单一功能的特点，使用贵金属则成本过高，使用铜则易被氧化，进而影响导电墨水的稳定性、导电性。该项目拟在课题组关于单分散（粒径分布<6%）超细（4-8nm）金属纳米颗粒可控制备的工作基础上，提出一种制备稳定、均一、价廉、环保、可打印的功能导电墨水策略，即调控导电墨水中主辅金属纳米颗粒的组分、尺寸等，优选稳定剂，以降低成本、增加稳定性、提高导电性、降低烧结温度、实现功能化等。对导电墨水性能进行表征，理解纳米颗粒组分、尺寸，添加剂种类、用量，墨水粘度、密度、表面张力等因素对打印图案固化过程中烧结动力学的影响。最后对导电墨水打印表面增强拉曼散射衬底的应用展开研究。

该项目原计划合成制备单分散的金属纳米颗粒，在此基础上制备基于金属纳米颗粒的导电墨水。项目执行过程中，发展了一种基于微流控技术的贵金属纳米颗粒通用的合成方法，制备了金、银、钯纳米颗粒，制备了基于银纳米颗粒的导电墨水，并对导电墨水电学性能进行了表征。在此基础上进行了扩展性研究，制备基于贵金属纳米颗粒的复合材料，并对此类复合材料的光催化性能、光热性能等进行了研究。到结题时为止，共发表学术论文9篇；授权国家发明专利2项；指导毕业研究生4人。