手征荷动力学的流体力学描述

Strong interaction can generate via fluctuation local parity violation, which can convert to chiral imbalance of quarks. By chiral anomaly, the chiral imbalance can manifest itself as chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral magnetic wave (CMW) under external magnetic field. Both CME and CMW are novel quantum transports following from chiral anomaly. They are important routes for us to understand parity violation in strong interaction. There have been preliminary confirmations of these effect in heavy ion collision experiments. Further confirmation of these phenomena calls for development of reliable theoretical frameworks for axial charge dynamics. Previous works of the applicant has established a rudimentary stochastic hydrodynamic equations describing the evolution of axial charge. Based on these, we propose to establish systematic stochastic magnetohydrodynamic equations for the evolution of axial charges, electric charge and electromagnetic field, with special emphasis on effects of fluctuation and quark mass. We expect to address a series of theoretical questions such as the generation of dissipation of axial charge, the renormalizability of non-dissipative transport, the meaning of chiral chemical potential etc. The application of the resulting stochastic magnetohydrodynamic equations in heavy ion collisions will help us understand more clearly the CME and CMW phenomena in experiments.

强相互作用可以通过涨落产生局域宇称破缺，并转化为夸克的手征不对称性。通过手征反常，手征不对称性在外磁场下表现为手征磁效应和手征磁波。手征磁效应和手征磁波都是手征反常引起的新的量子输运现象，是我们认识强相互作用宇称破缺的重要途径。上述现象已在重离子碰撞实验中获得了初步确认。进一步确认这些现象需要发展可靠的手征荷动力学的理论框架。申请人此前的工作已初步建立描述手征荷演化的随机流体力学方程。本研究项目将以此为基础建立一个系统描述手征荷、电荷和电磁场演化的随机磁流体力学方程，重点关注涨落效应和夸克质量效应。这一目标的实现将解决一系列理论问题，包括手征荷的产生和耗散、非耗散输运系数的重整化性、手征化学势的意义等。作为研究结果的随机磁流体力学在重离子碰撞中的应用将帮助我们更清楚地认识手征磁效应和手征磁波的实验现象。

我们在本项目中研究了影响手征荷动力学演化的因素，特别是夸克质量以及背景磁场的效应。我们发现夸克质量能导致手征荷的涨落和耗散，并且能压低手征分离效应和手征涡旋效应。我们应用随机流体力学研究了重离子碰撞中手征荷的演化以及相应的手征磁效应。我们还发现背景磁场能显著的修改流体力学的输运系数。为系统地研究有限磁场下的输运，我们发展了基于朗道能级的手征动理论。