直面影子教育系统：我国义务教育课外补习研究

Nowadays, the private tutoring at the stage of compulsory education has been a universal phenomenon worldwide, China included. The booming of the private tutoring has brought tremendous and profound influence on the development of education as well as the society. Compared with the mainstream education system, however, the private tutoring, as the so called "the shadow education system", is difficult to be observed and monitored, thus it has been far less concerned. Moreover, education policy-makers and researchers in China have conducted few discuss on the private tutoring. Therefore, relying on the previous better research basis, this project researchers intend to use the technical route of mixed research with the combination of quantitative and qualitative and macro and micro research in the hope of making in-depth study on the issues of the private tutoring in Chinese compulsory education with multi-prospective, multi-level and multi-method. The main research contents of this project consist of: ① comparing and analyzing the policy of the private tutoring of compulsory education in every country; ② investigating and analyzing the current situation of the private tutoring of compulsory education in China; ③ discussing the demand and supply of the private tutoring of compulsory education in China; ④ exploring the influence of the private tutoring of compulsory education in China; ⑤ seeking the regulatory policy of the private tutoring of compulsory education in China. The result of this project will benefit for our government and schools to adopt proper regulatory policy to guide and regulate the demand and supply of the private tutoring of compulsory education, it also helps to restrain the negative influence of the private tutoring, enhance the synergy between the private tutoring and the mainstream education system, ultimately, it helps to improve the equity of compulsory education and even the society in China.

当今，课外补习已成为包括我国在内的世界各国义务教育一种普遍现象，其蓬勃发展对教育及社会发展都有巨大和深刻的影响。然而，与主流教育系统相比，作为"影子教育系统"的课外补习很难被观测和监控，其受到的关注要少得多。我国教育决策者和研究人员对课外补习的研讨更是少见。本项目拟依托已有良好研究基础，采用定量与质性、宏观与微观研究相结合的混合研究技术路线，多视角、多层次、多方法深入地研究中国义务教育课外补习问题。本项目的主要研究内容包括：①比较分析各国义务教育课外补习政策；②调查分析我国义务教育课外补习现状；③探讨我国义务教育课外补习的需求与供给；④探究我国义务教育课外补习的影响；⑤探寻我国义务教育课外补习规管政策。本项目研究结论将有助于我国政府和学校采取合理的规管政策，引导和规范义务教育课外补习的需求与供给，抑制课外补习的不良影响，提高课外补习与主流教育协同性，促进义务教育乃至社会公平。

当今，课外补习已成为包括我国在内的世界各国义务教育一种普遍现象，其蓬勃发展对教育及社会发展都有巨大和深刻的影响。然而，与主流教育系统相比，作为“影子教育系统”的课外补习很难被观测和监控，其受到的关注要少得多。我国教育决策者和研究人员对课外补习的研讨更是少见。本项目依托已有良好研究基础，采用定量与质性、宏观与微观研究相结合的混合研究技术路线，多视角、多层次、多方法深入地研究中国义务教育课外补习问题。本项目的主要研究内容包括：①调查分析我国义务教育课外补习现状；②探讨我国义务教育课外补习的需求与供给；③探究我国义务教育课外补习对学生成绩的影响；④探索我国义务教育课外补习对社会公平的影响；⑤梳理分析了我国义务教育课外补习政策。. 家庭资本既通过学校教育也通过影子教育影响子女教育获得。家庭资本不仅直接影响子女在校成绩，另一方面也通过影子教育中介作用影响子女在校成绩，其目的是获得在未来更高层次教育获得中的机会优势。在家庭资本代际继承过程中，学校教育和影子教育均发挥了重要的通道作用，这两种通道相互贯通从而建立起了学校教育和影子教育联合社会再生产机制，教育社会再生产功能被放大。. 课题组在2013-2015间对全国多个省市义务教育学校进行了问卷和访谈抽样调查，获取了大量关于义务教育课外补习问题卷和访谈调查数据。课题组还获取了中国人民大学中国教育追踪调查2014年数据以及北京大学中国家庭追踪调查2010、2012、2014年数据。本项目研究结论将有助于我国政府采取合理的规管政策，引导和规范义务教育课外补习的需求与供给，抑制课外补习社会再生产功能，提高课外补习与主流教育协同性，促进义务教育乃至社会公平。