西辽河流域全新世植被演替及其对气候变化和农业活动的响应

With widespread concern focused on global climate change and the potentially ecological consequences, an important scientific issue is suggested on how to evaluate environmental influence accurately for future climate change and approach the human impact and adaption. It is the feasible approach to select the key area and important episode of Holocene which integrate with modern age and contain the similar features of climate change in future for reconstructing the vegetation succession and pattern and their responses to climate change, restoring the characteristic, fashion, and intensity of agriculture and their relationships with vegetation and climatic change. Above researches will provide the scientific basis for the evaluation of environmental influence and human impact and adaptation under the climatic change condition. Xiliaohe Valley of the Northeastern China is an important and key area for realizing our scientific goals as follow: (1) To reconstruct the vegetation succession and patterns during Holocene based on the pollen and charcoal records. (2) To distinguish the origin and development of rainfed agriculture and reveal the agriculture characteristics and fashion in different cultural periods through the archaeobotanical records in Xiliaohe Valley. (3) By comparing the high resolution sequences of climatic change, the vegetation records, the evidences of human activity, and, together with the high-precision AMS14C dating, the archaeological materials, and the historical literatures, to promulgate the relationship between the vegetation succession and pattern with the climatic change and early agriculture. (4) To distinguish the affection on the vegetation succession caused by natural process and human impact. Finally some new cognition and suggestions will be proposed from the two aspects of basic theory and environmental evaluation.

全球气候变化及其可能引发的生态后果已广受关注，如何准确评估未来气候变化的环境效应，探讨人类活动的影响和适应，成为亟待解决的重要科学问题。从关键区域入手，选择涵盖未来气候变化特征，又与现代接轨的"全新世"，重建植被演替和格局及其对气候变化的响应；恢复农业活动的特征、方式和强度及其与植被和气候变化关系，可为评估未来气候变化的环境效应，以及人类影响与适应研究提供依据。本课题拟选取东北地区西辽河流域，运用花粉和木炭记录重建全新世植被演替和重要气候阶段的植被格局；通过考古植物指标记录判别西辽河流域旱作农业的起源与发展，揭示全新世不同文化期农业活动特征、方式和强度。通过植被记录、农业活动证据以及考古文献和历史资料，结合高精度AMS14C年代，与高分辨气候变化序列进行对比研究，探讨气候变化与植被和农业活动的关系，分辨自然和人为因素对植被演替和格局的影响，从基础理论和环境评估两个层面提出新的认识和建议。

早期人类活动与气候环境变化的关系研究是亟待解决的重要科学问题。本课题选取我国东北地区的西辽河流域及周边地区，开展表土花粉及其与植被关系研究，重建末次盛冰期以来植被演替，以及末次盛冰期、10-9 ka和全新世大暖期3个重要气候期的植被格局，揭示植被演替对气候变化的响应。基于考古植物指标记录研究，辅以高精度AMS14C测年，建立末次冰消期以来西辽河流域人类活动特征及其对干冷气候事件的响应，揭示早期人类的适应气候环境变化的方式和策略，为未来气候变化的环境效应以及人类影响与适应研究提供依据。积极开展国际、国内合作研究和人才队伍建设，资助博士后1名，培养博士研究生3名。7篇国际 SCI 论文，2篇核心期刊论文受到本基金资助。