三维多孔纳米复合微结构调控及光催化型自修复超双疏表面的构建

Superamphiphobic materials have excellent characteristics including self-cleaning and anti contamination. But they are easy to be contaminated by micro oily droplets, and have poor stability, limiting their application. This project will prepare self-healing photocatalytic and superamphiphobic surfaces based on three-dimensional porous nanocomposite microstructure. The fluorosilicone polymer-modified nanocomposite aerogel particles with three-dimensional porous structure used as basic structure units will be controllably prepared based on photocatalyst doped intoSiO2 gel. Based on the combination of the high porosity, multiple concave structure and self-similar network structure of aerogel, self-healing property of fluorosilicone embedded in porous aerogel, and low surface energy and crosslinking reinforcement effect of polymer, the stable and self-healing superamphiphobic surface will be constructed on the substrate, realizing collaborative self-cleaning effect between superamphiphobicity for macro droplets (the contact angle of water or oil droplet is more than 150°) and photocatalysis for micro oil droplets (degradation rate of 100%). The controllable mechanism on three-dimensional porous nanocomposite microstructure will be revealed. The structure-activity relationship between three-dimensional porous network concave microstructure on substrate and superamphiphobic property will be established. The coordination mechanism of photocatalysis and superamphiphobic property will be investigated. The intrinsic relationship between the repairing agent embedded in porous system with self-similar structure, cross-linked interface bonding of polymer and the stability of superamphiphobic surface will be clarified. The project will provide theoretical basis for the preparation of self-healing and lasting superamphiphobic self-cleaning materials and it has important significance for water saving and energy saving.

超双疏表面可赋予材料自清洁、抗沾污，但易被油性微液滴沾污、稳定性差的缺陷限制了应用。本项目基于三维多孔纳米复合微结构制备自修复光催化型超双疏表面。通过将光催化剂掺杂SiO2凝胶可控制备氟硅聚合物改性纳米复合三维多孔气凝胶粒子基本构筑单元，利用气凝胶高孔隙率、多重凹形结构及自相似网络结构特点，基于气凝胶多孔内嵌氟硅烷的自修复性，结合聚合物低表面能特性及其交联加固效应，在基体表面构建稳定持久自修复超双疏表面，并实现对宏观液滴超双疏（油滴水滴接触角>150°）与微液滴油污光催化 (降解率100%)协同自清洁的目标；揭示三维多孔纳米复合微结构调控机制，建立基体表面三维多孔网络凹形微结构与超双疏性之间的构效关系，阐明光催化与超双疏协同机理，明晰自相似结构多孔体系内嵌修复剂特性、聚合物交联粘结增强界面键合作用与超双疏表面持久性之间的内在关联，为耐久超双疏材料的制备提供理论基础，对节水、节能有重要意义。

超双疏材料具有防水、防油、自清洁、抗污、防粘附等特性，但易被微液滴沾污，并且在洗涤、磨损、光照等条件下大多没有自我修复功能而难以维持其稳定性。.本项目基于三维多孔纳米复合微结构调控构建了光催化型自修复超双疏表面。首先，设计合成了光催化剂掺杂SiO2复合气凝胶粒子，确立了掺杂SiO2复合凝胶粒子形成的合成条件，获得了氟硅聚合物改性纳米复合气凝胶粒子的可控制备方法，明晰了光催化剂掺杂、氟硅聚合物改性对纳米复合凝胶粒子微观结构及光催化性能的影响规律，得到的纳米复合气凝胶比表面积达241m2/g，孔隙率达92%，实现了基本构筑单元三维多孔网络微结构调控。其次，将高孔隙率三维多孔粗糙微结构基本构筑单元与疏水性氟硅聚合物、聚硅氧烷结合，在纺织品等基体表面构建了稳定持久自修复型超双疏表面，阐明了基体表面多孔网络多重凹形粗糙微结构调控与表面超双疏性之间的构效关系，证实了基体表面粗糙微结构与低表面能化学组成的协同性是基体表面具有超双疏性的关键因素，并获得了具有最佳超双疏性能的基体表面微观结构设计参数。另外，明确了光催化、自修复、粘结交联与超双疏表面稳定持久性之间的相关性，实现了光催化降解微液滴污渍与超双疏（水滴接触角达157°，油滴接触角达153°）协同自清洁性，多孔结构体系内氟硅烷的表面迁移性使受损超双疏材料表面实现自修复性，疏水性聚合物对基本构筑单元之间及基本构筑单元与基体之间优异的界面粘合性使超双疏表面具有稳定持久性（耐摩擦、耐水洗、耐紫外光照射），建立了光催化型自修复稳定持久超双疏材料的制备方法。.本项目的实施为复杂应用环境下高性能自清洁多功能材料的制备提供理论基础，项目研究成果在运动休闲面料、防护服、汽车内饰、建筑涂层等领域具有广阔的应用前景。本项目相关成果在国内外学术期刊发表学术论文18篇，其中SCI收录8篇，EI收录1篇，申请国家发明专利5项，其中授权1项，培养硕士研究生5名。