大分子自组装酶生物传感界面的构筑及其性能研究

In this project, we plan to fabricate ultrasensitive enzyme biosensor interfaces based on enzyme-entrapped colloidal particles and inorganic nanomaterials by using macromolecular multicomponent complex assembly technology and multi-level assembly technology. The enzyme-entrapped composite colloidal particles are prepared by self-assembly of amphiphilic macromolecules and enzymes via the weak interaction between them. Subsequently, the resultant composite colloidal particles are assembled on the surface of electrode together with conductive inorganic nanomaterials to form a hybrid biosensor film. The relationship between the structure of amphiphilic macromolecules and enzyme entrapment, the interactions between the composite colloidal particles and inorganic nanomaterials during the multiple assembly process, and the effect of hybrid film structure onto the sensing properties of biosensor will be investigated. The fabrication ultrasensitive biosensor based on enzyme-entrapped macromolecular colloidal particles will explore the basic laws and mechanism in fabrication of macroscopic functional materials and devices from the self-assembly of nanoscale colloidal particles, and expands the application of self-assembled macromolecular colloidal particles in the field of biosensors.

构建一个既能实现酶的高效固定，又能长期保持其活性的传感界面是电化学酶传感器的关键。本申请拟以含光敏基团功能大分子与酶共组装制备复合胶体粒子，实现对酶的高效固定；再以复合组装胶体粒子与无机纳米材料为共组装基元，经外电场诱导在电极表面二次组装制备生物酶传感界面，并经紫外光交联进一步固定传感界面结构；在实现对酶均匀、高效固定的同时，利用无机纳米材料大的比表面积和优异电子传输性能实现响应信号的增强，构筑具有超高灵敏度的电化学酶生物传感界面。通过系统深入的研究，探索功能大分子结构、组装环境及组装过程对复合胶体粒子构造、酶固定效率及酶活的影响；阐述多组份传感界面结构及性能之间的内在联系，揭示多组份、多级组装过程对传感界面构造和识别响应功能的影响规律，拓展大分子自组装在生物传感领域的应用，为制备基于大分子复合组装体系的酶生物传感器奠定基础。

构建一个既能实现酶的高效固定，又能长期保持其活性的传感界面是电化学酶传感器的关键。本项目以含光敏基团功能大分子与酶共组装制备复合胶体粒子，实现了对酶的高效固定；再以复合组装胶体粒子与无机纳米材料为共组装基元，经外电场诱导在电极表面二次组装成功制备了生物酶传感界面，并通过紫外光交联进一步固定传感界面结构；在实现对酶均匀、高效固定的同时，利用无机纳米材料大的比表面积和优异电子传输性能实现响应信号的增强，构筑了具有超高灵敏度的电化学酶生物传感界面。通过系统深入的研究，探索了功能大分子结构、组装环境及组装过程对复合胶体粒子构造、酶固定效率及酶活的影响；阐述了多组份传感界面结构及性能之间的内在联系，揭示了多组份、多级组装过程对传感界面构造和识别响应功能的影响规律，拓展了大分子自组装在生物传感领域的应用，为制备基于大分子复合组装体系的酶生物传感器奠定了基础。