垃圾裂解焦油气化外热分解和催化重整机理研究

The tar produces in the process of hydrogen production from pyrolysis of municipal solid waste (MSW), which would be a great impact on the industrial application of the hydrogen production from MSW. The generation of tar is a problem that hasn't been solved for a long time in the fields of coal gasification and biomass gasification. So the hydrogen production from tar in situ becomes to be a scientific problem which must be solved in the process of hydrogen production from the pyrolysis of MSW. In this program, the technical route is the tar compound decomposition with two stages. For the first step, the biomass micron fuel (BMF) is used for external heating the tar gas from pyrolysis of MSW to about 1000 ℃. The high temperature will be thermal decomposition the tar and residual carbon, which will reduce the loading of catalysts. For the second step, the tar gas with high temperature can heat the catalysts, and to be the hydrogen production from catalytic reforming, which would solve the problem of difficult external heating the catalysts. So the program research will be great significance for the development of the technology of hydrogen production from pyrolysis of MSW. The main study point is based on the biomass micron fuel (BMF) external heating, which include the high-temperature decomposition in situ of the tar gas from the pyrolysis of MSW, the heat transfer and mass transfer process of the tar gas by indirectly heated, the characteristics of the catalytic reforming in the catalytic system after the tar high-temperature decomposition, the efficiency of hydrogen production and analysis the catalyst life. The objective is to obtain the principle of chlorine fixation in the furnace, pyrolysis, high-temperature decomposition of tar and the resource process of the multi-component MSW by catalytic reforming. The program will radically solve the problem that is the tar decomposition in the process of hydrogen production by pyrolysis of MSW, improving the energy conversion efficiency of the hydrogen production from MSW, and getting a new technology of hydrogen production from pyrolysis of MSW with a value of economic and engineering.

垃圾裂解制氢过程中产生的焦油对垃圾制氢的产业化应用影响很大。焦油也是长期以来煤气化、生物质气化领域长期没有解决的难题，焦油原位制氢成为当前垃圾制氢需要亟待解决的科学问题。本项目提出采用两段焦油复合分解的技术路线。第一段采用生物质微米燃料外加热，将垃圾裂解焦油气被趁热加热到1100 C左右，高温热解焦油和残留碳，减少催化剂的负荷；第二段利用高温焦油气的物理潜热加热催化剂，并进行催化重整制氢，解决对催化剂外加热难的问题。该课题的研究对垃圾裂解制氢新技术的发展意义重大。.重点研究基于生物质微米燃料外加热的垃圾隔氧裂解焦油气的原位高温分解机理、间接高温加热焦油气和残留碳热解的传热传质过程与机理，并对焦油高温分解后催化系统的催化重整特性、制氢效率以及催化剂寿命特性进行系统研究，旨在获得炉内化学固氯、隔氧裂解、焦油高温分解和催化重整多元技术集成组合的垃圾资源化清洁过程原理。

城市生活垃圾有机组分中含有大量的碳氢化合物，因而可以看作是一种可再生资源，利用热解气化技术处理城市生活垃圾不仅能对城市生活垃圾进行大量的减量化，而且还能进行能源—合成气的回收。但是在热化学转化过程中，焦油的问题限制了合成气品质的提高。因此，本研究针对这一问题展开城市生活垃圾裂解焦油气外热分解和催化重整的研究。. 项目主要从实验室规模开展了垃圾原料热解特性分析、多种催化剂的制备对焦油催化重整的影响、积碳水蒸气气化反应特性研究以及两段式反应对焦油分解和转化的分配和优化。然后基于实验室规模开展了微米燃料外加热的垃圾焦油气热分解和催化重整的研究，对该系统中涉及的各种反应进行了热力学模拟和动力学计算，同时对整个反应系统进行了质量和能量平衡的计算。这将为城市生活垃圾能源化利用提供良好的科学数据支撑。