西藏高原村镇垃圾热解气化机理研究

Solid waste in Tibet can be classified into rural solid waste inland due to its small amount, wide distribution and difficulties in transporting. The characteristics of Tibet solid waste are obviously different from those of inland because of the specific region, climate, culature and religion. If the solid waste was disposed improperly, many sensitive environmental problems (quellwasser and soil pollution) will happen, what’s more, the ecological envirionment of Tibet will be destroied. This project aims at the features of Tibet and solid waste, focuses on the mechanism of highland solid waste pyrolysis and gasification. Tha main context of project includes:1) the statistics and analysis of Tibet rural solid waste properties,2) pyrolysis and gasification performance of rural solid waste under highland of lack of oxygen, 3) investigation of the mechanism of PAHs during rural solid waste pyrolysis,4) gasification process, simulation and computation of Tibet rural solid wate pyrolysis and gasification process. By means of field survey, experiment research, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling, the results will provide the good basis to shape Tibet rural solid waste pyrolysis and gasification technology which is benefit for Tibet and further all over the China, the project is innovative and distinctive, with great theoretical significance and application.

西藏各地垃圾量小分散，运输困难，可与内地的村镇垃圾归为一类。由于特殊的地域、气候、文化、宗教等因素，西藏村镇垃圾特点明显不同于内地。目前西藏村镇垃圾基本上处于简易填埋乃至堆放状态，考虑到垃圾量持续累积，会带来敏感的环境问题（源头水源、土壤污染等），甚至会对作为我国生态安全屏障的西藏高原生态环境造成不可逆的影响。因此，针对西藏高原缺氧条件及村镇垃圾的特点，本项目研究高原村镇垃圾热解气化机理，具体包括：1）西藏高原村镇垃圾特征图谱绘制；2）高原环境村镇垃圾热解气化影响机制；3）高原环境村镇垃圾热解气化过程PAHs排放特性及生成机理；4）高原环境村镇垃圾热解气化过程模拟与计算。采用高原实地调查、实验研究、理论分析、数值模拟手段，研究成果可为发展适合高原村镇垃圾热解气化技术提供理论依据，进而拓展到西藏地区和全国村镇应用。项目创新与特色鲜明，理论意义与应用价值重要。

西藏高原村镇地区因特殊地域、气候、文化、宗教等因素，其垃圾特性明显不同于内地平原地区，垃圾气化机理尚未明晰。项目以生活垃圾、青稞秸秆、牦牛粪、污泥等西藏高原典型村镇垃圾为研究对象，建立了西藏高原村镇垃圾特征数据库，明晰了高原缺氧环境下村镇垃圾热解气化反应规律，全面解析了高原缺氧环境对垃圾热解气化反应机制的影响，阐明了高原村镇垃圾热解气化关键污染物前躯体的排放特征。基于响应面法及商业软件Chemkin对高原村镇垃圾热解气化过程、重金属迁移、气化燃气燃烧特性进行模拟与计算，填补了西藏高原村镇垃圾热解气化研究领域的空白。项目创新与特色鲜明，为西藏村镇垃圾高效清洁处置提供理论基础，具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。. 基于本项目的研究内容共计发表论文21篇（SCI论文15篇，含第一标注9篇，核心论文6篇），授权发明专利5项，申请发明专利2项。培养博士生2名，硕士生5名。依托本项目，项目负责人作为大会主席组织召开西藏自治区“高原环境工程与污染控制”重点实验室建设工作进展与推进会议，重点讨论西藏高原村镇垃圾热解气化技术与应用，支撑了重点实验室的研究方向与特色，为本项目的执行与研究结果的应用提供了重要价值。