深部采动诱发高压水导升与突水路径演化过程试验研究

The research on shallow water-inrush has obvious difference, which is caused by a series of special problems, such as the mutagencity of rock mass response, the complexity of high stress field and the instantaneity of high pressure water. And all of these problems are presented in deep mining environment. Meanwhile, the lack of multiple dynamic information and detail description about the ascending of high confined water and path recognition in the process of water-inrush also bring great difficulties in deep water disaster prevention. By combining field observations, theoretical analysis, large size-specimen laboratory tests, physical simulation and putting the high pressure water and fissure cooperating evolvement as the main line ,this research first analyzes the floor failure characteristics, which are caused by deep mining stress and high water pressure, then explores the destroyed floor space on the spot; Besides, the mechanical analysis of high pressure on the crack extension and experimental analysis of fractured rock mass seepage features were presented to study the response mechanism. Finally, based on the similar material physical experiment, the characteristics of deep mining floor water-irruption space-time evolution path are developed and the multivariate information of water inrush channel formation in the process of evolution is analyzed. Meanwhile, by using radar geophysical exploration methods, the space identifies patterns of high pressure water rising and water inrush path can be established .Then the precursor information and water inrush position mutation evolution can be explored.This project can not only enrich the water inrush mechanism which provides basis for deep water disaster prevention, but also can be the most basic link in future research.

深部采动围岩环境出现岩体动力响应突变性、高应力场复杂性、高承压水灾变瞬时性等特殊新问题，使得与浅部突水研究产生明显的差异性。同时，突水过程中的高承压水导升和突水路径识别等问题缺乏动态和细节化的多元信息描述，这给深部水害防治带来极大困难。本研究结合现场观测、理论分析、大尺寸试件室内试验、物理模拟等手段，以高压水与裂隙协同演化为主线，首先分析深部采动应力与高水压联合作用下底板破坏特征，现场探测底板破坏空间范围；其次，力学分析高水压对裂隙扩展作用，试验分析裂隙岩体高压渗流特性，研究其联动响应机制；最后，基于相似材料物理模拟试验，开展深部采动底板突水路径时空演化特征规律研究，分析突水通道形成演化过程中的多元信息，采用雷达物探手段，建立高压水导升与突水路径空间位置的识别模式，探讨灾变演化的前兆信息和易突水位置。项目开展不仅丰富了突水机理、为深部水害防治提供依据，也是将来进一步深入研究最为基础的一环。

本项目针对深部采动高水压底板突水机理与特征规律问题，重点围绕高水压影响作用、裂隙发育演化特征、裂隙岩体高压渗流特性等方面，开展了系列化基础实验研究。采用理论分析、室内试验、物理模拟与数值仿真等综合研究方法，针对高水压导升与突水路径识别等主要问题，开展深入研究，历经三年完成了相关研究内容，取得了主要进展成果如下：.（1）建立了采动高水压底板力学模型，得出岩层带内上下端面的首先破坏位置以及承压水沿下界面两端位置首先向上导升；提出了双剪破坏、散面对接两种底板突水通道形成模式。 .（2）进行了节理岩体高压渗流试验，获得了大尺寸试件在三维应力变化条件下高压水在结构面中的渗流特性。.（3）分析了常用相似模拟材料成分及其控制作用，研发了适用于中小型试验的新型相似模拟材料及其渗透性测量装置。.（4）分析了底板突水主要影响五因素的常用物理模拟方法，开展物理模拟系列化手段研究，掌握了断层构造活化模拟技巧。.（5）开展了采动完整底板突水过程仿真模拟与时空演化物理模拟，实施了深部开采底板断层构造活化突水演变物理模拟试验，初步获得了高承压水导升与裂隙演化特征、突水通道形成特征、灾变路径演化特征等特征规律。.项目进行实施过程中，考虑到实际经费、时间等困难等因素，适当对研究进度计划内容简单调整，拓展了研究工作和创新内容。取得了《岩石力学与工程学报》、《岩土力学》、《MINE WATER AND THE ENVIRONMENT》等期刊发表并被SCI、EI检索论文10篇，专著2部，获得省部级科技奖励3项，授权国家发明型专利12项，较好的完成了课题的全部工作计划与目标。.本研究研究成果将为矿山安全以及地下工程灾害防治提供理论依据，也是为现场应用或是进一步开展深入科学研究最为基础的一环，并将对城市建设乃至我国地下工程、生态环境保护等方面具有重大的现实意义和深远的社会影响。