介稳态胶体晶的组装及应用研究

Metastable colloidal crystal is an intermediate structure between the liquid-phase colloidal suspension and solid-phase stable colloidal crystals. The research of metastable colloidal crystals is not only helpful to the explanation of assembly driving force and crystal formation mechanism, but also helpful to realizing the modularized colloidal assembly process and solving the long-existed problem that the assembly efficiency and quality are hard to be satisfied at the same time. Due to the lack of controllable synthetic method and repeatable research objects, there is little progress for metastable colloidal crystals in the past few years. However, it was changed by a recent research work of the applicant, which developed an effective method to prepare metastable colloidal crystal and explored its ultra-sensitive response to the external disturbance. This project, based on the former achievement, will focus on the controllable synthesis of metastable colloidal crystals, the clarification of assembly mechanism, the kinetic response of metastable colloidal crystals to the external changes and the conversion from metastable colloidal crystals to the stable one, which will certainly lead to the great development of new colloidal crystal - based functional materials.

介稳态胶体晶是液相胶体分散体系向固相稳态胶体晶转变的中间结构。深入开展介稳胶体晶相关研究，不仅有助于阐明胶体组装的驱动力及胶体晶的形成机理，更有助于实现模块化的胶体组装过程，解决胶体组装效率与组装质量难以兼顾的难题，并推动胶体晶材料的实用化进程，具有重要的科学意义。由于缺乏有效可控的制备方法，缺少高度重现的研究对象，介稳胶体晶的研究在过去的数年中进展缓慢。最近，申请人课题组发展了一种制备介稳态胶体晶的有效方法，并初步探索了它对外界微扰动的超灵敏响应，在介稳胶体晶的研究上取得一定的进展。本项目将在此基础上，深入研究介稳态胶体晶的合成方法，阐明介稳胶体晶的组装过程与形成机制，总结外部作用与介稳胶体晶之间的动态响应规律，探索介稳胶体晶与稳态胶体晶的可控转化，从而发展与介稳胶体晶相关的新型功能材料。

介稳态胶体晶是胶体分散体系向固相稳态胶体晶转变过程中的中间结构。开展介稳态胶体晶相关研究，不仅有助于实现高效规模化胶体组装，解决组装效率与胶体晶结晶度难以兼顾的问题；更有助于获得各种新颖的胶体晶功能材料与器件，具有重要的科学意义。然而，制备方法和胶体结构基元的匮乏却极大限制了该研究领域的发展。针对上述问题，本项目首先发展了挥发驱动、萃取驱动、电场驱动过饱和析出等3种新颖有效的合成方法。与传统制备方法相比，这些新方法提高了介稳态胶体晶的组装效率，扩大了介稳态胶体晶的制备规模，为材料的应用研究奠定了基础。面向高折射率、高介电性、光活性、高孔隙率等特定的应用需求，本项目还积极探索克量级以上的纳米胶体合成方法，运用高温多醇反应、刻蚀反应等湿化学过程制备出包括CeO2、ZnO、Cu¬2O、介孔SiO2等在内的多种非传统胶体结构基元。利用这些尺寸单分散的胶体颗粒和上述组装新方法，项目组成功制备出具有不同化学组成的各种介稳态胶体晶。采用介稳态胶体晶及由此转化形成的固态胶体晶薄膜、胶体晶凝胶作为基材，本项目发展了基于胶体晶的介孔检测剂、粘度试纸、磁强计、高精度化学传感器、高饱和度电响应显示单元、电子墨水、负载型薄膜光催化剂等大量新型材料、器件与技术，取得一系列有特色的研究成果。