临近空间高超声速机动目标跟踪技术研究

Due to the supersonic velocity and high maneuver characteristics of the near-space vehicles, the problem of near-space target tracking is more complex and becomes the difficulty in current maneuvering target tracking field. The main contents of the study include: (1) As to the high maneuver characteristic of the near-space vehicles, highly maneuvering target tracking algrithms based on intelligent filter method and interacting multiple model are proposed, and optimated algrithm is obtained through analysing and comparing the two methods. (2) As to the stealth problem caused by the supersonic velocity characteristic of the near-space vehicles, a method based on three-dimensional ellipse Hough transform and optimized filter is proposed to realize the target tracking on a low observable condition. (3) As to the range/velocity measurement ambiguity problem of the near-space vehicles, a method based on multi-hypothesis TBD technique and optimized filtering is proposed to realize the target tracking in condition of the measurement ambiguity. The results of this research can provide some theoretical supports for the near-space high maneuvering target tracking.

由于临近空间飞行器高超声速、强机动的运动特性，使得临近空间目标的跟踪变得更加复杂，成为当前机动目标跟踪领域的难点。本项目研究内容主要包括：（1）针对临近空间飞行器机动性很强的特点，提出基于智能子带滤波和交互多模型滤波的强机动目标跟踪方法，并通过分析比较得到优化临近空间高机动目标跟踪模型；（2）针对临近空间飞行器高超声速运动带来的隐身问题，提出基于三维椭圆Hough变换和优化滤波相结合的低可观测机动目标跟踪模型，以解决低信噪比条件下临近空间强机动目标的跟踪；（3）针对临近空间飞行器探测中面临的距离和/或速度模糊测量问题，提出基于多假设TBD技术和优化滤波相结合的目标跟踪模型，以解决雷达测量模糊情况下的低可观测机动目标跟踪问题。本项目的研究成果可为临近空间高机动目标的跟踪提供一定的理论和技术支撑

本项目以雷达探测跟踪美国X51A临近空间飞行器为研究背景，对临近空间高超声速机动目标跟踪中的若干关键问题进行了深入研究。项目取得的研究结果包括：. （1）针对临近空间高超声速强机动目标跟踪的难题，研究了基于智能子带滤波的强机动目标跟踪方法，提出了一种新的与临近空间目标轨迹相匹配的Sine跟踪模型，并在此基础上提出了多种基于Sine模型的交互多模型跟踪方法，有效实现了临近空间高超声速强机动目标的可靠跟踪；（2）针对临近空间低可观测强机动目标跟踪的难题，提出了基于三维椭圆Hough变换和分段投影跟踪相结合的目标跟踪方法，有效实现了低信噪比条件下临近空间强机动目标的可靠跟踪；（3）针对测量模糊情况下的临近空间低可观测强机动目标跟踪难题，提出了基于多重频多假设TBD处理和优化滤波相结合的目标跟踪方法，有效实现了雷达测量模糊情况下的临近空间低可观测强机动目标跟踪。. 项目研究达到了预期，取得了多个有创新性的成果，为临近空间高超声速飞行器跟踪中相关问题的解决提供了理论基础和技术支撑。