基于城市空间日常效率的普通建筑更新设计策略研究

Under the context of low-speed economic growth and urbanization, the center issue of China’s urban renewal has shifted from historical and iconic district and architecture to everyday community and ordinary structure. While there is a lack of systematic research on design strategies. Based on several years’ of reflection, investigation and practices, the research team found out that effective regeneration of ordinary buildings result from the everyday efficiency of urban space, which means the principle rule of Utilitarian Adjustment and Effective Construction achieved through the accumulation of time. Through participating observation, first-hand investigation and original analysis, the research will study the design strategies of ordinary building’s renewal based on the everyday efficiency of urban space in the following four aspects: 1 Functional renewal through optimizing everyday utilitarian efficiency; 2 Spatial atmosphere renewal through reorganizing everyday experiencing efficiency; 3 Life-style renewal through stimulating everyday activity efficiency; 4 Tectonic renewal through achieving everyday construction efficiency. The normalization of ordinary buildings’ renewal indicates contemporary transformation of architectural practice from a static cause-effect state of design and construction to a continuous circulation state of Concept/Construction/Occupancy/Modification. In this sense, the research of its design strategy is of ontological significance. The positive renewal of ordinary buildings is of great social significance, because it leads to sustainable and livable city and consequently enhances public’s happiness. Without being limited in the pursuit of aesthetics, meaning and progressive creativity, there is also a theoretical importance of exploring new principles and new methodologies from common local built environment.

在快速城市化之后和存量优化的发展背景下，中国城市更新的热点正从历史性标志性区域和建筑转向日常社区和普通建筑，但更新设计策略缺乏系统研究。课题组依据多年反思、调研和实践成果提出：普通建筑有效更新关乎城市空间日常效率，即不断改变的建成环境中经时间验证的使用调整和有效建造原则。基于介入式观察、一手调研和分析，结合设计实践，本课题拟从四方面总结城市空间日常效率和相应的普通建筑更新设计策略：1优化日常使用效率的功能更新；2重构日常体验效率的空间氛围更新；3激发日常活动效率的生活模式更新；4实现日常建造效率的建构更新。普通建筑更新的常态化揭示出当代建筑从设计/建造的静态因果流程转向概念/建造/使用/改变（更新）的持续循环模式的新趋向。课题成果具有指导更新设计实践，促进城市可持续性、宜居性和大众幸福度的现实意义，和超越美学和意义限制，超越增长式创新目标，从本土现实中发掘建筑学新规律、新方法的理论价值。

中国城市化已从高速增量的大拆大建转向渐进提质的存量更新，通过系统化、专业化的设计来整治和振兴城市大量普通建成环境与设施成为当下和未来城市有机更新、精细化管理和社区营造的主要工作面。通过五年产学研一体化的思考和实践，课题组从区域类型、使用主体、多维体验、社区活力等角度探索日常城市与建筑空间，针对普通建筑的局部、内部、片段等改造更新展开理论与策略研究，结论如下：1)功能界定是优化日常使用效率的根本；2)重构日常体验效率需兼顾多元感知的空间氛围更新；3)激发日常活动效率涉及线上线下融合的生活模式更新；4)建筑结构设备一体化实现日常建造效率。课题成果大量运用于既有建筑改造与日常社区规划实践，显著促进了城市日常生活活力。从中反思获得新认知和新方法，如空间冗余、建筑中性、非识别体系等也得到众多新建项目检验，并被广泛纳入设计与理论的教学，充分体现了从本土现实中发掘建筑学新规律、新方法的理论价值和现实意义。