计入真实粗糙表面形貌的水润滑橡胶轴承混合润滑行为与减摩降噪方法

With the development of high-end equipment in mechanical, ship and space engineering fields, high reliability, low noise and long life have been the common and key technology problems. The interfacial mechanical performance and control of transmission component have become the key and bottleneck of further development. Based on the fact that the interfacial mechanical performance has a significant effect on the frictional wear, vibration noise, service life and reliability of ship propulsion system, this research focuses on the interfacial behavior of the friction pair and friction noise in water lubricated rubber bearing, with the combination of numerical and experimental methods. The mixed lubrication model of water lubricated rubber bearing with consideration of real surface roughness is established. In order to investigate the effects of macro and micro multi-scale structure, rubber property and condition parameters on lubrication properties, the mixed lubrication characteristics of water lubricated rubber bearing under complex working conditions are studied. Based on the research results, the effect rule of mixed lubrication behavior on the friction noise of friction systems is obtained, which can be used to make effective and accurate prediction and control of the friction-induced vibration and noise in design stage. Furthermore, the optimum design method of friction and noise reduction in the water lubricated rubber bearing is proposed. The research provides new ideas and methods for solving mixed lubrication problems of contact interface in transmission component, and is of scientific and engineering significance for improving the advanced water lubricated bearing technology.

高可靠、低噪声、长寿命是机械、船舶、航天等工程领域高端装备发展迫切需要解决的共性关键科技问题，传动件界面力学性能与控制已成为制约发展的瓶颈。该项目针对水润滑橡胶轴承界面力学行为对舰船推进系统轴系摩擦磨损、振动噪声和使用寿命的重要影响，着重研究水润滑橡胶轴承摩擦副界面行为及其摩擦振动噪声问题，拟采用数值分析与实验相结合的方法，开展计入真实粗糙表面形貌的水润滑轴承协调面接触混合润滑建模，研究其复杂工况条件下的混合润滑行为，揭示宏观与微观多尺度结构、材料特性及工况参数等因素对其混合润滑行为影响的耦合作用机理，掌握混合润滑行为对其摩擦系统振动噪声的影响规律，在设计阶段准确有效地预测并抑制其摩擦振动噪声，最终提出水润滑轴承减摩降噪优化设计方法，为解决传动界面协调面接触混合润滑问题提供新思路和新方法。该项目研究对提高高端装备水润滑橡胶轴承关键技术水平具有重要的科学意义和工程实用价值。

水润滑橡胶轴承广泛应用于船舶推进系统，其界面摩擦行为对推进系统轴系的摩擦磨损、振动噪声和使用寿命有着至关重要的影响。本项目采用理论仿真与实验评估相结合的方法，着重研究了水润滑橡胶轴承摩擦副界面行为及其摩擦振动噪声问题。主要研究工作和进展包括：（1）建立了综合考虑粗糙表面形貌、多曲面多纵向沟槽几何结构、橡胶材料弹性变形等多因素影响的水润滑橡胶轴承混合润滑模型，分析了结构、材料、工况等各因素对其混合润滑行为的影响，总结绘制了水润滑橡胶轴承Stribeck曲线，给出了水润滑轴承润滑状态的判定条件，揭示了水润滑轴承承载、润滑与失效机理。（2）建立了低速重载条件下特别是启停过程中水润滑橡胶轴承系统有限元动力学模型，分析了不同载荷和摩擦系数随速度变化对水润滑轴承系统振动特性的影响规律。（3）研究了水润滑轴承摩擦学性能测试评价技术，开展了不同润滑结构和典型材料的水润滑轴承摩擦磨损和振动噪声实验。本项目在水润滑橡胶轴承的主动摩擦学设计方法方面取得了一定的突破和创新，发表学术论文5篇，申请国家发明专利8项（其中获授权发明专利2项），获计算机软件著作权2件，获2017年教育部科技进步一等奖1项（排名第7），参加国际/国内学术会议10余次，培养硕士研究生6人。项目技术成果成功应用于XX无轴推进器装置水润滑支撑轴承及试验台架的研制，并通过了样机考核实验，为XX装备核心零部件水润滑轴承的开发和性能评价提供了理论依据和技术支撑。