表面织构化高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承减摩降阻及减振机理研究

High-speed rolling bearings have been widely used in national defense, energy and transportation industries, and their lubrication, tribology and vibration characteristics are significant for the safety, efficiency, and precision of the mechanical system. This project aims to the reduction of friction coefficients friction torques, and vibrations of high-speed grease-lubricated cylindrical roller bearings, and investigates the effect of dimple characteristics of laser-textured surfaces on the lubrication, friction, and vibrations of the bearing. Firstly, the fluid-solid coupled model of the textured surface is established to investigate the effect of the textured surface on the film thickness, pressure and velocity gradient of the grease, and to reveal the friction-reduction mechanism of the surface-textured bearing. Then, the dynamic model of cylindrical roller bearings with textured-surfaces is established to study the effect of the textured-surface on the friction torque of the bearing, and to reveal the mechanism of the friction torque reduction. Finally, the stiffness and damping of the grease at the textured-surface are calculated by first-order perturbation method, and the influence of the textured-surface under complex excitations, such as the waviness and cage impacts, on the bearing vibration characteristics is investigated to reveal the mechanism of the vibration reduction of surface-textured bearings. The research of this project is capable of providing new design approach and scientific foundations for the friction and vibration reduction of high-speed grease-lubricated cylindrical roller bearings, and is of great theoretical significance and engineering value.

高速滚动轴承广泛应用于国防、能源、交通等领域，其润滑、摩擦学和振动特性是关系装备安全、高效、高精度运行的关键因素。本项目针对高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承的减摩、降阻和减振问题，研究激光织构化表面微凹坑形貌对轴承润滑、摩擦以及振动的影响规律。首先，建立织构化表面流-固耦合模型，研究表面织构化对润滑脂油膜厚度、油膜压力以及速度梯度的影响规律，揭示表面织构化高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承的减摩机理；然后，建立表面织构化圆柱滚子轴承动力学模型，研究表面织构化对轴承摩擦力矩的影响规律，揭示表面织构化高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承的降阻机理；最后，采用一阶摄动法计算织构化表面油膜刚度和油膜阻尼，研究波纹度、保持架碰撞等复杂激励下织构化表面对轴承振动特性的影响规律，揭示表面织构化高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承的减振机理。本项目的研究将为高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承的减摩、降阻和减振提供新的设计方法和科学依据，具有重要的理论意义和工程价值。

针对表面织构化高速脂润滑圆柱滚子轴承的减摩、降阻及减振机理，开展了如下三个方面的研究。.第一，针对表面织构化圆柱滚子轴承的减摩机理，采用两种方法（基于多重网格法、基于计算流体动力学法）建立了激光织构化表面润滑模型。基于该模型研究了流体动压特性对油膜厚度增强的作用机理，以及微织构凹坑几何参数和轴承工况参数对摩擦系数和承载力的影响规律，研究了能够有效减小摩擦系数的织构化表面几何参数。.第二，针对表面织构化圆柱滚子轴承的降阻机理，研究了激光织构化表面局部润滑模型与轴承整体动力学模型之间的耦合方法，构建了表面织构化圆柱滚子轴承的动力学模型。基于该模型研究了微织构凹坑几何参数和轴承工况参数对轴承摩擦力矩的影响规律，研究了能够有效减小圆柱滚子轴承摩擦力矩的织构化表面几何参数。.第三，针对表面织构化圆柱滚子轴承的减振机理，研究了滚动体含单个贯穿式凹坑时轴承的振动特性以及表面波纹度对滚动轴承振动特性的影响规律。开展了激光表面织构化圆柱滚子轴承振动特性的实验研究，分析了微织构凹坑几何参数和轴承工况参数对轴承振动的影响规律，找到了能够实现圆柱滚子轴承减振目的的织构化表面几何参数。.本项目研究表明，激光表面织构化技术能够对圆柱滚子轴承的润滑、摩擦力矩和振动特性起到一定的改善效果，但是织构化表面几何参数以及轴承工况参数对轴承润滑、摩擦力矩和振动的影响表现为强烈的非线性特性。.本项目的关键成果是从理论上实现了激光微织构接触区局部润滑模型和轴承整体动力学模型的耦合，为后续深入开展表面织构化轴承的动力学行为研究，推动表面织构化轴承的实际应用奠定了一定的理论基础，具有较好的应用前景。