新型城镇化背景下进城农民工家庭生计转型：基于可持续生计分析框架

Migrant workers being urban citizenship is an important policy measure in pushing integration of urban and rural areas in China’s thirteen “Five-Year Plan”. Government of China proposes that the ‘Three One-Hundred-Million Rural Residents’ should be resettled in urban areas by the year 2020. Given this background, household livelihood transition of in-city migrant workers can be seen as indicator in characterizing the process of China’s New-type Urbanization. However, there is lack of knowledge in understanding household livelihood transition of in-city migrant workers in the urbanization process. Current research focuses more on migrant workers’ individually being urban citizenship, and separately looks at their household livelihood transition, very few study takes migrant workers’ household as a whole in investigating livelihood transition and rural-urban integration. .This study takes migrant workers’ household as unit of analysis, employs methods and approaches based on agricultural economics and rural development study, as well as on sociology, collects data by means of literature review, institutional and individual interview, as well as household questionnaire survey for investigation. The study firstly analyzes risks and vulnerabilities associated with the New-type Urbanization and migrant workers’ family moving into urban cities; secondly, it investigates into the changing patterns of household livelihood assets / capitals that happens during the process; thirdly, it explores organizational and institutional changes occurring in the process; fourthly, it investigates into how these households change their livelihood strategies in coping with the process of moving into cities; and fifthly, it concludes household livelihood outcome resulted from changes in livelihood strategies, and the livelihood transition process. The research findings are then summarized. The study tries to contribute to the research efforts in understanding migrant workers’ household livelihood transition process, and to lays foundation for formation of evidence-based policies in supporting the transition.

农民工市民化是“十三五”时期加快城乡一体化改革发展的重要抓手，政府明确提出到2020年解决“三个1亿人”城镇化问题。进城农民工家庭生计转型在一定意义上可以刻画我国新型城镇化过程。然而，对新型城镇化过程中农民工家庭生计转型的丰富实践还缺乏深入理解。研究领域往往将个体农民工市民化与农民工家庭生计分开来看，缺乏对农民工家庭生计与社会融合的关注。.本研究以进城农民工家庭为分析单位，利用农业经济管理、贫困与发展研究和农村社会学等领域的基本方法，通过文献综述、部门和个人访谈、家庭问卷调查和访谈等手段收集研究数据，从新型城镇化背景、进城农民工家庭相关风险与脆弱性、生计资本动态变化、制度与组织结构特征、生计策略动态变化及生计转型结果等不同维度出发，分析和总结进城农民工家庭生计模式及生计转型过程，为深入认识农民工家庭生计转型规律提供科学基础，为政府改进进城农民工家庭生计的制度安排和支持政策提供微观证据。

农民工市民化是新型城镇化发展的重要抓手。进城农民工家庭生计转型可以刻画我国新型城镇化发展过程。然而，学界对新型城镇化过程中农民工家庭生计转型的丰富实践还缺乏深入认识。已有研究往往将个体农民工市民化与农民工家庭生计转型分开来看，缺乏对农民工家庭生计转型与社会融合的关注。. 本研究以进城农民工家庭为分析单位，利用农业经济管理、发展研究和农村社会学等领域的基本方法，通过文献综述、实地部门和个人访谈、农民工家庭问卷调查等手段进行研究。在内容上，本研究收集家庭人口、迁居历程、生计资本和收入、生计活动时间配置、社会融合、生计风险及应对措施等信息，从新型城镇化背景、进城农民工家庭生计风险、生计资本变化、制度与组织结构特征、生计策略动态及生计转型结果等不同维度进行分析。本研究旨在分析和总结进城农民工家庭生计模式及转型过程，为深入认识农民工家庭生计转型规律提供科学基础，为政府改进进城农民工家庭生计的制度安排和支持政策提供微观证据。. 在鄂粤两省调研获得950个样本农民工家庭信息，其中717个样本农民工家庭自主选择进城并以扎根城镇为目标。进城农民工家庭生计转型过程分为初期、中期和后期三个阶段，各阶段家庭分别占比24.69%、47.56%和27.75%，家庭之间生计转型各阶段的行为逻辑和资源配置特征存在明显差异；生计总资本水平逐步提高，其中自然资本显著下降，其他生计资本显著提高且趋于平衡发展；劳动力配置策略由“亦工亦农”为主（76.84%的家庭）逐渐转变为“半工半农”，最后完全脱离农业生产（90.45%的家庭）；土地配置策略由短期转出土地逐步转变为长期转出土地（户均转出2.59亩）；资金配置策略由“储蓄>农业生产>非农经营”，转变为“储蓄>非农经营>农业生产”，最后转变为“非农经营>储蓄>农业生产”；生产要素市场价格、生计资本、家庭结构对进城农民工家庭劳动力、土地和资金配置策略有显著影响，三类生计策略之间相互密切关联。