基于行业视野下的中国近代机场建筑形制演进研究

Modern airport architecture including airplane hangar, air station and control tower is a kind of transportation architecture with the characteristics of the industry. In May 1950, there were 542 airports in the country. Although it is widely distributed, large number, but the existing research is insufficient. This project aims to first use the combination method with the “top-down” approach connecting industry main thread and the “bottom-up” approach tracing the architectural relics case, and analysis the dominant influence of foreign aviation culture and architectural culture on the modern airport architecture with communication theory; This project also analysis the technical features, evaluative stages and the pedigree chart under space-time dimension of the modern airport architecture prototype with genealogy; then using architectural typology theory to demonstrate the dynamic mechanism and the evolution process of airport architecture from prototype transplantation, replication, conversion and derivation to relative formation; At last this project discusses the elements and technical features of the empirical classification of the modern airport architecture prototype, and puts forward the evaluation system with significant industry characteristics. This project will the first to systematically study the modern airport architecture, make up for a lack of modern transportation architecture study of perspective in the study of industry, Constructing the theoretical framework of the modern airport building based on industry perspective has innovative research ideas and theoretical methods. With remarkable characteristics of the industry, establishing the value evaluation system and protection strategy of airport building remains has good application value.The project will effectively compensate for the shortcomings of modern aviation traffic construction research areas, which can provide scientific basis for the value identification and grading protection of airport building relics.

以机库、航空站及指挥塔台为主的近代机场建筑是具有鲜明行业特色的新型交通建筑类型，其建设数量众多，且分布广泛，仅1950年5月统计全国就接收有542座机场。但近代机场建筑领域的研究严重不足，针对其交通特性的系统化理论方法研究尤为匮乏。本项目以建筑学与交通运输工程的学科交叉融合为研究特色，拟采用由航空业“自上而下”式的行业发展主线串接和建筑遗存“自下而上”式的个案溯源相结合方法，来研究外来机场建筑文化和航空技术文化对我国近代机场建筑体系的双重影响，以及机场建筑形制的时空演进规律特征及其动力机制；应用理论和实证相结合方法剖析各类机场建筑的原型、基型及其衍化形式，研究其平面布局、立面造型等形制特征，并构建机场建筑遗存图文资料库及其价值评价体系。本项目将基于行业角度初步构建近代机场建筑理论框架体系，将有效弥补航空类近代交通建筑研究领域的短板，可为机场建筑遗存的分级保护和利用提供科学依据。

以机库、航站楼及指挥塔台为主的近代机场建筑是具有鲜明行业特色的新型交通建筑类型，其建设数量众多，且分布广泛，仅1950年5月统计全国就有542座机场。本项目以建筑学与交通运输工程的学科交叉融合为研究特色，采用了由航空业“自上而下”式的行业发展主线串接和建筑遗存“自下而上”式的个案溯源相结合方法，来研究外来机场建筑文化和航空技术文化对我国近代机场建筑体系的双重影响，以及机场建筑形制的时空演进规律特征及其动力机制；应用理论和实证相结合方法剖析各类机场建筑形制，研究其平面布局、立面造型等形制特征。（1）在分析外来文化对机场建筑所产生的双重催化影响基础上，从航空运输业视角切入、运用文化传播学原理剖析近代机场建筑形制体系的发展路径和演进阶段，并论证近代机场建筑形制“外化内生”的演进特征及其动力机制。（2）基于行业的功能需求、运用类型学重点研究我国近代机场建筑的平面形制、立面造型和空间结构类型，初步构建具有行业特征的近代机场建筑形制体系演进的基础理论和技术方法。（3）通过综合调查初步梳理出中国近代机场建筑遗存的现状分布，建立结合发展时序和地理分布特性的中国近代航空建筑遗存的图文资料库，并提出行业特点显著的近代机场建筑遗存的价值评价体系。本项目基于行业角度初步构建近代机场建筑理论框架体系，有效地弥补航空类近代交通建筑研究领域的短板，可为机场建筑遗存的分级保护和利用提供科学依据。