河南省典型地区大气中氯化石蜡的赋存特征与来源追踪研究

China has been facing serious pollution issues with respect to chlorinated paraffins (CPs) since it is the largest producing country worldwide with well-developed industries. However, there are few studies on the characteristics of air pollution, as well as the distribution of gas-particle partition and particle size distribution in different point sources. It limits the cognition of CPs transport behavior and sources evaluation. Therefore, conducting systematic research on the occurrence characteristics of the atmospheric CPs in the typical point sources will be of great significance to recognize their pollution sources and transport behavior. In the present project, four typical point sources (CPs production enterprise, metal working fluids enterprise, polyvinyl chloride plastics enterprise, and metal processing enterprises) and one city in Henan Province are chosen as the study region, where the aim of this study lies in the following aspects: (1) employing an active air sampler and a nano-MOUDI cascade impactor to disclose the pollution fingerprints, occurrence characteristics and seasonal variation of atmospheric CPs and to investigate the response mechanism of atmospheric parameters; (2) combining the industry databases to estimate the emission trend and annual emission amounts of CPs; (3) using back trajectory model and positive matrix factor model to identify the pollution sources and contribution. It is expected that the obtained results from this work would offer data support for the efficient pollution control of CPs in China as well as for Stockholm Convention negotiation.

随着氯化石蜡在欧美发达国家的限制使用，我国已成为氯化石蜡的第一生产大国，加之相关产业发达，导致我国目前氯化石蜡污染严重。然而，目前我国对氯化石蜡不同点源大气污染谱、气粒分配、粒径分布等赋存特征的研究较少，制约了对氯化石蜡迁移行为和来源评估的认知。本项目拟选择河南省为研究区域，于典型点源(氯化石蜡生产企业、金属加工液生产企业、聚氯乙烯塑料制品生产企业和金属加工企业)和代表性城市布点，采用大气主动采样器和撞击式多粒径颗粒物采样器考察氯化石蜡在典型点源大气污染指纹谱、城市大气赋存特征，分析季节变化规律，探究其对大气环境参数的响应机制。在此基础上，利用后推气流轨迹模型和正定矩阵因子分析模型判别污染来源和贡献度。并结合产业数据库，估算典型点源的排放趋势与年排放量。研究结果可为我国氯化石蜡的污染控制与履约谈判提供数据支持。

我国目前是氯化石蜡的第一生产大国，相关产业发达，导致氯化石蜡污染严重。由于我国对不同点源的氯化石蜡赋存特征研究较少，因此开展相关的系统研究有助于对氯化石蜡污染来源和迁移行为的认知。本研究选择河南省为研究区域，通过代表性城市的同步观测和点位实验，考察氯化石蜡的大气污染特征，分析季节变化规律，探究其对大气环境参数的响应机制，指出大气氯化石蜡的浓度和组成受温度和细颗粒物双重控制。在空间分布的基础上，利用后推气流轨迹模型判别污染来源，推断本地排放是该区域大气氯化石蜡的主要来源。结合城市相关的氯化石蜡排放产业产值与企业数量数据，判别出排放产业结构对城市大气氯化石蜡污染特征有显著影响，其中金属加工业的贡献权重最大。同时，利用ICRP模型和MOE模型评估了大气氯化石蜡对人体健康的暴露风险。上述结果可为区域大气氯化石蜡污染治理提供依据。在课题实施期间，申请国家发明专利1项，申请并获得授权实用新型专利1项。相关成果在环境科学领域主流期刊共发表论文5篇，课题负责人均为第一作者或通讯作者。包括2篇Environmental Pollution，1 篇Science of the Total Environment，1 篇Chemosphere和 1 篇《环境科学》。同时，依托课题共培养硕士研究生3名。